APUSH Chapter 27 Flashcards

Question

Global Interventions - Vietnam

Answer 1

Ngo Dinh Diem, supported E & refused to permit the promised 1956 elections, knowing that populated hero Ho Chi Minh would easily win - With CIA and American economic and military aid, kept the increasingly isolated Diem in power - His corrupt and repressive policies and they did many peas - By 1959 his Saigon regime face is civil war against the thousand peasants who were joining guerrilla bands to drive him out - E’s commitment of military advisors & economic aid to South Vietnam, based on Cold War assumptions, had laid the foundation for the Vietnam War of the 1960s

Answer 2

Established in 1934, helped a lot in this time with helping people with home payments & mortgages

Answer 3

Allowed the deduction of all forms of interest payments from taxes

Answer 4

A developer, was the first entrepreneur to bring mass-production techniques to home building - Levitton had many home looking the same - But NO person of color occupying them, or able to rent them

Answer 5

- Made an unprecedented impact on American life - Educational grants, returning vets low-interest mortgages & business loans - By 1956 12.4 million of the 15.4 million or 78% received some form of benefits from the law

Answer 6

Key boost to postwar growth - By 1972 became US’s largest public works program in American History - Helped to build highway life & pushed a more future lifestyle

Answer 7

1950s: Betty Friedan - found that The image of what women were portrayed to be and what they were were different So many more women were working because to be middle class you needed two sources of income Billy Graham’s hugely popular “Crusades for Christ” brought the religious revival to millions while warning of godless communism In California automobiles became huge Led in creating automobile oriented facilities “motor hotels” Drive-in movies, drive-through fast food eateries & banks, & parking lot in circle shopping Contemporary journalist, novelist comment and social scientists fed the popular image of suburban life as it essentially dull, conformities, and people were exclusively by the educated middle class

Answer 8

1955: the newly combined AFL-CIO brought some 12.5 million union members under one banner George Meany: Head of the AFL (skilled) Outspoken anti-communist Pushed the AFL closer to the Democratic party Believed, must focus on improving the economic well-being of their members Walter Reauther, counter in the CIO (unskilled/assembly line) Prominent leader of the United automobiles workers Believe strongly that American unions ought to stand for something beyond the bread and butter needs of their members For many family is unionship brought the middle class prosperity After 1955 is share of the labor market began a slow but steady decline Scandals hurt the Union in 1959

Answer 9

David Riseman, sociologist, The Lonely Crowd (1950): Argue that modern America had given birth to a new kind of character type, the “other-directed” man More mass media cues then Americans were before so now they're less likely to take risks or were before so now they're less likely to take risks or act independently William H. Whyte’s Organization Men (1956): A study of the Chicago suburb of Park forest, offered a picture of people obsessed with fitting into their communities and jobs He believed, middle class suburbanites now strove mainly for a comfortable, secure niche in the system

Answer 10

Many many more people getting a college education Most of these new students attended greatly enlarged State University Systems Having a college degree open to gateway to the middle class to be able to work in certain jobs Universities themselves were increasingly run like businesses, with administrators adopting the language of input-output, cost-effectiveness, & quality control - Even most administrators accommodated large business interests, which were well represented on university boards of trustees

Answer 11

New antibiotics such as penicillin became widely available to the general population Polio: Between 1947 & 1951 this disease which usually crippled those it did not kill, struck an average of 39,000 Americans every year 1955: Jonas Salk - pioneered the first effective vaccine against the disease, using a preparation of a killed virus - By the 1960s the polio vaccination virtually eliminated polio Healthcare was very much for the Richer and more nicer Hospital areas - Many poor people in rural people did not have access to good medicine & lacked doctors or decent hospital facilities

Answer 12

Which certified medical schools, did nothing to increase the flow of new doctors - Number of physicians per 100,000 people actually declined between 1950 & 1960 ~ Doctors trained in other countries made up for the shortfall Until 1965 with the event of Medicare (for the elderly) & Medicaid (for the poor)-both of which also opposed- the AMA successfully fought any form of direct federal involvement in healthcare

Answer 13

Manufacturers & advertisers rushed to cash in on youth customers 1900: ⅛ teenagers in school, by the 1950s: 6/8 teenagers were in school Magazines & other media reinforced the notion of teenagers as a special community To many parents, the emerging youth culture was a dangerous threat to their authority

Answer 14

Millions of white teenagers listened to AA musicians on the radio - big record companies largely ignored black music Alan Freed, a white Cleavland DJ, popularized the term rock ‘n’ roll Elvis Presley: Reshaped white and black sounding music Culture shifts, revitalize American pop culture Chuck Berry, an AA from East St. Louis: Was the greatest songwriter and most influential guitarist to emerge from the first “golden age of rock ‘n’ roll” - Created lots of music for young people, hits around the trials & tribulations of school, young love, & cars. - Create music that defined what it meant to be young & postwar America

Answer 15

TV networks originated from Radio Networks and most of them were largely connected Higher costs of television production forces key changes in the advertising industry 1948: the first great national TV hit = The Milton Berle Show Urban ethnic comedy shows, lacked politics, social issues, cities, white ethnic groups, African-Americans, & Latinos 1955, Walt Disney produced a series of three 1-hour shows on the life of Frontier Legend Davy Crockett

Answer 16

No politics were mentioned in entertainment shows for the fear of scaring off sponsors, & ever worry of public protests 1963: With the beginning of half an hour nightly net work newscast, only then did televisions extraordinary power to rivet the nation's attention during crisis became clear 1950s: Television made Democratic senator Estes Kefauver of Tennessee and national public figure through live coverage of his 1951 Senate investigation into organized crime 1952: Republican vice president candidate Nixon's rambling, emotionally manipulative television appeals to voters-the famous “Checkers” speech-saved his career Election of 1952: Brought the first use of TV political advertising for presidential candidates Ever since, television image-making has been the single most important element in American electoral politics

Answer 17

Beats: Had some of the sharpest descents from the cultural conformity of the day A group of writers led by novelist Jack Kerouac & the poet Alan Ginsberg - Shared a distrust for the American Virtues Of progress, power, and material gangs Kerouac’s 1957 novel On the Road became the Beat manifesto At a poet reading in San Francisco in 1955, Ginsberg chanted his epic poem Howl to a wildly enthusiastic audience A San Francisco journalist coined the word beatnik, which by the late 1950s had become popular associated with the scruffy, bearded men & her promiscuous woman, all dressed in black, sporting sunglasses & berets, & acting rebellious & alienated. By challenging America's official culture, however, Beat writers foreshadow the mass youth rebellion & counterculture of the 1960s

Answer 18

John F. Kennedy: MA elected him to the House in 1946 & then the Senate in 1952 VP Richard M. Nixon was the R nominee & much better known than Kennedy 1960 election = the first televised presidential debates JFK won Promised to keep the church & state separate His new administration really targeted the youth and young adults, because he was a young, handsome, & celebrity looking guy/aura

Answer 19

provided $435 million to train the unemployed

Answer 20

provided federal funds for rural, depressed Appalachia

Answer 21

offered aid to colleges for constructing buildings & upgrading libraries

Answer 22

Was the New Frontier’s best publicized initiative - Sent thousands of mostly young men & women overseas for 2-year stint to provide technical & educational assistance to underdeveloped Third World countries

Answer 23

JFK shifted foreign policy to efforts to ease US-Soviet tensions JFK expanded E’s cover operations - Special Forces & the CIA operations against Third World guerrillas - SF showed JFK’s desire to acquire greater flexibility, secrecy, & independence in the conduct of foreign policy

Answer 24

In Laos, US ignored the 1954 Geneva agreement to set up CIA-back military regime but then had to arrange with the Soviets to neutralize Laos because the regime could not defeat Soviet-supported Lao guerrillas In South Vietnam: Communist Vietnam guerillas launched an insurgency against the US-supported Diem regime - JFK ended up sending hundreds of Green Berets & other military adviser to bolster Diem May 1961, in response to North Vietnamese aid to the Vietcong, JFK ordered a covert action against Ho Chi Minh’s northern regime that included sabotage & intelligence gathering By 1963: Diem’s army unable to contain the Vietcong rebellion, JFK send nearly 16,000 support & combat troops to SV - Culture protest with the Buddhist was broadcasted on US TV, Americans saw the awful things happening in SV & the amount of US forces casualties - SV army fell - Fall of 1963: American military officers & CIA operatives stood aside with approval as a group Vietnamese generals toppled Diem, killing him & his top advisers - The first of many coups that cracked the SV government over the next few years

Answer 25

Was the military and political overthrow of Fulgencio Batista's dictatorship, which had reigned as the government of Cuba between 1952 & 1959. Early 1950s: a peasant-based revolutionary movement, led by middle-class named Fidel Castro, began gaining strength in the rural districts & mountains outside Havana - Turned to the SU after US withdrew economic aid - Sold sugar to the Soviets - Nationalized American-owned oil companies & other enterprises

Answer 26

The US CIA had misunderstood Cuban Revolution JFK was embarrassed liberals criticized him for plotting the overthrow while conservatives blamed him for not supporting invasion JFK want to get rid of him but poor and peasants attracted to his programs Intellectual and professionals fled to the US

Answer 27

October 1962 Castro went to Soviet Premier Khrushchev for military help, had missiles that would hit parts of the US - American U-2 found these missiles and JFK and advisors talked about a bombing of the missiles - JFK went on live television to release the missile site, said that they must be removed but avoided the word blockade cuz that would mean an act of War - Went to UN Security Council and promised that any missiles launched from Cuba would bring “a full retaliatory response upon the Soviet Union” - Americans then had to wait to see which superpower would break first JFK agreed & on November 20th announced the withdrawal of Soviet missiles and bombers from Cuba & he also pledged to respect Cuban sovereignty & promised not to invade the island

Answer 28

Situation was deteriorating - Diem’s overthrow & mired in a US-backed coup was symptomatic of US failure to secure an anti-Communist alternative to Ho Chi Minh’s revolutionary movement - JFK understood this and there were some indications that he was thinking of cutting losses, perhaps after winning re-election in 1964, there are other signs that he was preparing to escalate the US commitment

Answer 29

Happened in Dallas on November 22, 1963 Sent the entire nation into shock & morning Lee Harvey Oswald was the presidents accused killer was himself gunned down before television cameras covering his arraignment in Dallas - At the time of his death, relations between the US & the SU were more admissible than at any time since the end of World War II - Much of the domestic liberal agenda of the New Frontier would be finally implemented implemented by Kennedy successor, Lyndon B. Johnson, who dreamed of creating a Great Society

APUSH Chapter 27 Flashcards

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