Who were the Pueblo people?
- Native farmers who spent their time harvesting crop like maize
- Had Irrigation Systems set up
- Small urban systems made of hardened clay bricks
What were the Great Basin Natives like and what’s an example of one?
-Nomadic people who hunted buffalo
- Divided themselves into small egalitarian kinship bands
- The Utes
What were the West Coast Natives like?
- Built more permanent villages reliant on fishing
- Chumash people
Chinook people - Extensive plank houses
What were the Iroquois people like?
- Northeast
- lived Communally in long houses
- Abundant timber
What were the Natives who lived in the Mississippi River Valley like?
- Farmers because of the rich soil
- Participated in trade along the Mississippi
What was the Cahokia Settlement?
A Mississippi River settlement by natives that participated in trade and was quite large
What was one example of some new maritime technology that facilitated European colonization of the Americas?
- Astrolabe
- Lateen Sail
- Stern Rudder
- Compass
What were some foods spread from the Americas to Europe during the Columbian Exchange?
- Potatoes
- Maize
- Tomatoes
- Squash
What were some examples of food spread from Europe to the Americas during the Columbian Exchange?
- Wheat
- Rice
- Soybeans
What was an animal spread from the Americas to Afro-Eurasia during the Columbian Exchange?
Turkeys
What was an animal spread from Afro-Eurasia to the Americas during the Columbian Exchange?
- Pigs
- Cattle
- Horses
What were some examples of diseases spread from Europe to the Americas during the Columbian Exchange?
Smallpox
What is capitalism? What’s an example of how capitalism led to colonization of the Americas?
- An economic system based on private ownership and free exchange
- It led to joint-stock companies which funded overseas ventures to the Americas during
What was the Econmienda System and who practiced it?
A colonial labor system in which the Spanish, known as econmerendos, enslaved native people to farm and mine in the Americas during
What were some problems that arose from the Econmienda System for the Spanish?
- The Spanish had a hard time keeping natives enslaved
- The natives kept dying due to smallpox
What was the Casta System?
A reorganized system of society introduced by the Spanish that reorganized people based on the their racial pureness.
What are some examples of levels of the Casta System?
- Creoles
- Peninsulares
- Mullatoes
What were some practices that the Natives taught the Europeans?
- How to hunt in the forests
- How to cultivate maize
What were some practices introduced by the Europeans to the Natives?
- Iron tools and weapons
What were some ways that the Spanish justified the hardships the inflicted on Natives?
People like Sepulveda argued that Natives were indeed subhuman and they benefitted from the harsh labor conditions
Who was an example of someone who argued against Sepulveda and the view that Natives were subhuman?
- Las Casas and persuaded the king to pass laws that prohibited Native slavery temporarily
How did Europeans use religion to justify their superiority over Africans?
By interpreting black skin as a mark of sinfulness
