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APUSH UNIT 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What year did Jamestown, Virginia, become the first permanent English colony in America?

A

1607

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2
Q

What document granted English colonies their authority to operate?

A

Charter

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3
Q

Name the three types of colonies that developed in America.

A
  • Corporate colonies
  • Royal colonies
  • Proprietary colonies
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4
Q

Which colony was operated by joint-stock companies during its early years?

A

Jamestown

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5
Q

What type of colony was Virginia after 1624?

A

Royal colony

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6
Q

Which colonies were under the authority of individuals granted charters by the king?

A
  • Maryland
  • Pennsylvania
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7
Q

What was the primary motivation behind the settlement of Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay?

A

Religious motivation

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8
Q

Who were the Separatists?

A

Radical dissenters wanting to organize a separate church independent of royal control

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9
Q

What was the name of the ship that brought the Pilgrims to America?

A

Mayflower

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10
Q

What was the first Thanksgiving celebrated by the Pilgrims?

A

1621

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11
Q

What document did the Pilgrims sign aboard the Mayflower to establish self-government?

A

Mayflower Compact

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12
Q

What was the Act of Toleration enacted in Maryland in 1649?

A

The first colonial statute granting religious freedom to all Christians

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13
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ was a rebellion led by Nathaniel Bacon against the Virginia governor.

A

Bacon’s Rebellion

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14
Q

What economic system did Virginia use to attract immigrants by offering land?

A

Headright System

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15
Q

What did the Virginia Company initially rely on to meet labor needs in the colony?

A

Indentured servants

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16
Q

True or False: The first Africans brought to Virginia in 1619 were initially enslaved for life.

A

False

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17
Q

What was the primary crop that became profitable for the Virginia colony?

A

Tobacco

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18
Q

What significant conflict arose in Virginia due to the governor’s failure to protect small farmers?

A

Bacon’s Rebellion

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19
Q

Name one of the colonies formed by dissidents banished from Massachusetts Bay.

A
  • Rhode Island
  • Connecticut
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20
Q

Who founded the settlement of Providence in Rhode Island?

A

Roger Williams

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21
Q

What belief did Anne Hutchinson advocate that put her at odds with Puritan authorities?

A

Antinomianism

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22
Q

What was the Great Migration?

A

The movement of about 15,000 settlers to the Massachusetts Bay Colony during the 1630s

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23
Q

What was the primary reason for the establishment of the Maryland colony?

A

To provide a haven for Catholics

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24
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ was a civil war in Maryland that resulted from Protestant resentment against a Catholic proprietor.

A

Protestant Revolt

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25
What major issue did the Chesapeake colonies face due to labor shortages?
Finding enough laborers for tobacco plantations
26
What did the Virginia House of Burgesses enact in the 1660s concerning African laborers?
Laws that established hereditary slavery
27
What was the outcome of Bacon's Rebellion for the relationship between wealthy planters and poorer farmers?
Highlighted sharp class differences and resistance to royal control
28
What was the significance of the House of Burgesses established in Virginia in 1619?
It was the first representative assembly in America
29
What colony was formed by the joining of Providence and Portsmouth?
Rhode Island ## Footnote Rhode Island was known for its tolerance of diverse beliefs.
30
Who led a group of Boston Puritans to found the colony of Hartford?
Reverend Thomas Hooker ## Footnote The Hartford settlers created the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut.
31
What was the first written constitution in American history?
The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639) ## Footnote It established a representative government.
32
What was the purpose of the Halfway Covenant?
To allow partial church membership without a conversion experience ## Footnote This was in response to declining full membership in Puritan congregations.
33
What military alliance was formed in 1643 among four New England colonies?
The New England Confederation ## Footnote It was established to address threats from American Indians and other forces.
34
Who was King Philip, and what was his role in King Philip's War?
Metacom, chief of the Wampanoags, united tribes against English settlers ## Footnote The war resulted in heavy casualties and destruction but ended most American Indian resistance in New England.
35
What was the significance of the Restoration in the context of American colonies?
It marked the founding of new colonies after Charles II regained the throne ## Footnote This included the establishment of the Carolinas.
36
What colony was founded as a reward to eight nobles by Charles II?
The Carolinas ## Footnote It was granted in 1663 and later divided into North and South Carolina.
37
What was the economic focus of South Carolina in the 18th century?
Large rice-growing plantations worked by enslaved Africans ## Footnote This economy resembled that of the West Indies.
38
What characterized the development of North Carolina compared to South Carolina?
Small, self-sufficient tobacco farms and fewer large plantations ## Footnote North Carolina had a reputation for democratic views.
39
Who took control of New Amsterdam and renamed it New York?
The Duke of York ## Footnote This occurred in 1664 after a force was dispatched to seize the colony.
40
What were the Navigation Acts?
A series of laws regulating colonial trade to benefit England ## Footnote They established rules for trade, including requiring English or colonial ships.
41
What was the impact of the Navigation Acts on New England shipbuilding?
It prospered due to the regulations ## Footnote However, it also limited colonial manufacturing.
42
What was the Dominion of New England?
A combined administrative unit of New York, New Jersey, and New England colonies ## Footnote It was established by King James II to increase royal control.
43
What was the outcome of the Glorious Revolution of 1688?
It deposed King James II and ended the Dominion of New England ## Footnote The colonies returned to operating under separate charters.
44
What was the role of slavery in the American colonies by 1750?
Half of Virginia's population and two-thirds of South Carolina's were enslaved ## Footnote Slavery became increasingly important for economic reasons.
45
Fill in the blank: The first settlement in Georgia was established in _______.
Savannah ## Footnote Founded in 1733 as a proprietary colony.
46
What was 'The Holy Experiment' initiated by William Penn?
A colony to provide a religious refuge and liberal government ## Footnote It aimed to enact Quaker principles in Pennsylvania.
47
What were the two main reasons for British interest in founding Georgia?
* To create a defensive buffer against Spanish Florida * To relieve overcrowded jails in England ## Footnote Georgia was established as a colony for debtors.
48
What did the Charter of Liberties guarantee in Pennsylvania?
Freedom of worship for all and unrestricted immigration ## Footnote It was part of Penn's efforts to attract settlers.
49
What continued in force despite the Glorious Revolution?
Mercantilist policies ## Footnote Mercantilism included restrictions on colonial trade that were poorly enforced but widely resented.
50
By 1750, what percentage of Virginia's population was enslaved?
50% ## Footnote This highlights the significant role of slavery in Virginia's demographic makeup.
51
What percentage of South Carolina's population was enslaved by 1750?
66.67% ## Footnote A substantial majority of South Carolina's population consisted of enslaved individuals.
52
Name one factor that contributed to the increased demand for slaves in the southern colonies.
Reduced migration ## Footnote Increased wages in England led to a decrease in the supply of immigrants to the colonies.
53
What did large plantation owners fear that led them to prefer slavery?
Political demands of small farmers and indentured servants ## Footnote Issues like Bacon's Rebellion influenced their desire for a stable labor force.
54
What was one of the profitable crops that increased the demand for cheap labor?
Rice ## Footnote Other profitable crops included indigo, which required large land areas and inexpensive labor.
55
What significant law did Massachusetts enact in 1641 regarding slavery?
Recognized the enslavement of 'lawful' captives ## Footnote This marked a legal acknowledgment of slavery in the colonies.
56
What legislation did Virginia enact in 1661 regarding enslaved children's status?
Children inherited their mother's enslaved status for life ## Footnote This established a hereditary system of slavery.
57
What did Maryland declare in 1664 about baptism and enslaved persons?
Baptism did not affect enslaved person's status ## Footnote This reinforced the idea that enslaved individuals remained in bondage despite religious conversion.
58
What was the triangular trade route starting from New England?
Rum to West Africa, enslaved Africans to the West Indies, sugarcane to New England ## Footnote This trade route was crucial for the slave trade and economic profit.
59
What company monopolized English trade in enslaved Africans in the 17th century?
Royal African Company ## Footnote This monopoly ended, allowing more merchants to enter the slave trade.
60
True or False: Racism and slavery were integral to colonial society.
True ## Footnote The societal norms established a hierarchy that regarded all blacks as social inferiors.
61
Fill in the blank: The horrendous voyage that enslaved Africans endured is known as the _______.
Middle Passage ## Footnote This term refers to the brutal sea journey from Africa to the Americas.
62
What was a common result for slave-trading entrepreneurs with each cargo traded?
Substantial profit ## Footnote The triangular trade system was designed to maximize profits at each stage.
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