APUSH Unit test #2

Question 1

Seven Year’s War (1756-63)

Answer 1

-The last major conflict before the French Revolution to involve all the great powers of Europe.
-Involved overseas colonial struggles between Great Britain and france. They struggled for control of North America

Question 2

The French and Indian War(1754-63)

Answer 2

-War that occurred in North America during the Seven Years’s war.
-Great Britain and France struggled to determine control of the vast colonial territories.
-Began over the specific issue of whether the upper Ohio River valley was a part of the British Empire or the French Empire.
-Resulted in Britain gaining control over much of the continent and going into debt, which they then made unfair taxes on their colonies to make up for it.

Question 3

Pontiac’s Rebellion(1763-1764)

Answer 3

-Britain’s control over most of the continent disintegrated in what became known as this rebellion.
Pontiac, an Ottawa war chief, worked to establish a pan-Indian coalition with nearby tribes.
-inflicted many casualties on Britain, but lost momentum in 1764

Question 4

Neolin

Answer 4

a Delaware holy man, who had a vision and preached the need to reject colonial society and return to traditional native ways.
He inspired Pontiac to take action.

Question 5

Proclamation of 1763

Answer 5

A British-produced boundary marked in the Appalachian mountains. Decreed on October 7, it prohibited Anglo-American colonists from settling on lands acquired from the French.
-Restricted western expansion for fear that Natives would grow encouraged to fight more.
-Stopped Virginia from expanding into the Ohio Valley.

Question 6

Stamp Act, Sugar Act, Townshend Acts

Answer 6

-Acts created by the British government to gain more money after the Seven Year’s War.
-Restricted freedom of speech, press, and economic advancements.
-Heavily taxes placed upon the colonists

Question 7

Virtual representation

Answer 7

used by the British to argue that colonists were represented in Parliament.

Question 8

Sons of Liberty

Answer 8

an organization formed by American colonists in the early years of the American Revoliution

Question 9

Boston Massacre March 5, 1770

Answer 9

A deadly altercation between British soldiers and a Boston Mob.
-initiated from a snowball
-Nine dead.

Question 10

Boston Tea Party

Answer 10

• a political protest in Boston that occurred on December 16, 1773, at Griffin’s Wharf. A group of colonists dressed up as Natives and threw chests of tea off of Boston Harbor.

Question 11

Intolerable Acts

Answer 11

a series of laws passed by parliament after the Boston Tea Party.
-Closed trading ports in America, increased the powers of military government
-Sparked America to rise against Britain’s authority.

Question 12

Continental Congress

Answer 12

All colonies but Georgia went to this in Philadelphia in 1774 to determine how the colonies should react to British authority.
Protested the parliamentary acts and made a compact to boycott British goods on December 1, 1774.

Question 13

Lexington and Concord (April 19, 1775)

Answer 13

• the start of the Revolutionary War
  -American were able to push British forces back to Boston and destroy supplies.

Question 14

Bunker Hill (June 17, 1775

Answer 14

• a battle where American patriots were defeated by the British, but it proved they could hold their own against them.

Question 15

Continental army

Answer 15

Massachusetts militia was joined by Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island militia. Formed during the Lexington and Concord battles.

Question 16

Lord Dunmore’s proclamation

Answer 16

• a speech made by Lord Dunmore, which offered freedom to slaves if they joined the British army, becoming black loyalists.

Question 17

Common Sense

Answer 17

a pamphlet published in 1776 and written by Thomas Paine, which argued that the colonists should free themselves from British rules and establish an independent government based on Enlightenment ideals.

Question 18

Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776)

Answer 18

• Written by Thomas Jefferson which announced the separation of the 13 colonies from Great Britain.
  -And illuminated equality of man.

Question 19

Battle of Yorktown (1781)

Answer 19

• last major land battle in the American War, led to the surrender of British Troops.
  -ended the Revolutionary War in America’s favor. This led to peace negotiations.

Question 20

Treaty of Paris (1783)

Answer 20

• ended the American Revolution and formally recognized the US as an independent nation.

Question 21

Republic

Answer 21

a philosophy of limited government with elected representatives serving at the will of the people.

Question 22

Suffrage

Answer 22

• Exercised the right to vote

Question 23

Religious Toleration

Answer 23

• A legal document that allowed all Christian religions in Maryland.

Question 24

The Founders and Religion

Answer 24

• people who believed in religion, but that it shouldn’t influence government.
  -a bunch of deists

Question 25

The Wealth of Nations

Answer 25

published in 1776 that described the theory of free trade. Created by Adam Smith.

Question 26

Adam Smith

Answer 26

created the wealth of nations -was an economist

Question 27

Loyalists

Answer 27

colonists who retained their allegiance to the British crown. -Feared that Independence would result in more power-hungry people. -lost a lot of rights, lands,etc.

Question 28

Phillis Wheatley

Answer 28

a black poet, who wrote about being snatched from her home and brought to the US as a slave in 1761. -wrote her poem in 1783 and it demonstrated how American slaves have become.

Question 29

Coverture

Answer 29

An english and American law that a women lost her identity, which became covered by the husband.

Question 30

Republican motherhood

Answer 30

The ideology that emerged as a result of American independence where women played an indispensable role by training future citizens.

Question 31

Articles of Confederation

Answer 31

-first written constitution of the United States, drafted by congress in 1777. -sought to balance the need for national coordination of the war of Independence with widespread fear that centralized political power posed a danger to liberty. -had no executive branch

Question 32

Ordinance of 1784

Answer 32

-Drafted by Thomas Jefferson, established stages of self-government for the west. -The region would be divided into districts initially governed by congress. -idea was rejected

Question 33

Ordinance of 1785

Answer 33

- a second revolution that regulated land sales in the region north of the ohio river. -lands would be divided into sections -each section had to set aside funds for education -promised to raise money for congress -settlers violated the rules because they wanted to move more westward.

Question 34

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

Answer 34

A final measure was made for the eventual establishment of 3 to 5 states north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi.

Question 35

Shay's Rebellion(1786-1787)

Answer 35

a rebellion maintained by farmers, who were unhappy with the lack of economic rights and to prevent the courts from seizing property from indebted farmers. -lead to the process of a new constitution

Question 36

White vs. Indian freedom

Answer 36

Natives held zero freedom

Question 37

Emancipation/abolition

Answer 37

What should the constitution do about slavery? Some opposed it, yet the founding fathers kept in place.

Question 38

Women in revolution

Answer 38

-took control of farms, business, etc while their husbands were away. Educated kids on the ideals of liberty -Started learning the language of liberty themselves.

Question 39

Constitutional Convention

Answer 39

A meeting in Philadelphia of representatives from 12 colonies, to reverse the existing articles of confederation -new constitution was created

Question 40

Virginia Plan

Answer 40

- government that had three branches, legislature, executive, and judicial. -added with the New Jersey plan (making what we have in the government today)

Question 41

Federalism

Answer 41

shared power of federal government and the power of the states

Question 42

separation of powers

Answer 42

the government was separated into the judicial, executive, and legislature branch

Question 43

Checks and Balances

Answer 43

Each branch has the power to limit the power of the other two branches

Question 44

division of powers

Answer 44

the division of political power between state and federal

Question 45

three-fifth compromise

Answer 45

-a compromise made between the northern and southern colonies where slaves represented 3/5 of the population, which was used to how many representatives each state had in the House of reps

Question 46

Slavery in the constitution

Answer 46

Was protected due the the 3/5 compromise, the 20 years slave trade and the fugitive slave law.

Question 47

The Federalists

Answer 47

-thought the constitution was strong and didn't need to be changed

Question 48

Anti-Federalists

Answer 48

-thought the constitution was weak and that it didn't protect individual rights. -demanded for a Bill of Rights

Question 49

Bill of Rights

Answer 49

first ten amendments of the constitution, protected individual rights

Question 50

gradual emancipation

Answer 50

- Slavery was ending in the Northern states -children could not be enslaved -stopped the transportation

Question 51

Open immigration

Answer 51

white men were welcomed into any state -could freely become a US citizen

Question 52

Notes on the state of Virginia

Answer 52

-only book written by Jefferson that outlines his racist views on slavery. -he thought slavery would end, yet still kept many slaves and didn't free much of them

Question 53

Sally Hemmings

Answer 53

a slave to Jefferson -mother to many of Jefferson's kids -illuminates how Jefferson was a hypocrite. -enslaved his own children

Question 54

Bank of the United States

Answer 54

the creation of a bank that housed the nations main financial agent. -Hamilton created it -Jefferson opposed it, for southerns believed that they would not get any economic and federalistic rights.

Question 55

Jefferson-Hamilton Bargain

Answer 55

A bargain where the bank of the United States stayed in place in exchange that the capital was established in between Maryland and Virginia.

Question 56

French Revolution

Answer 56

-Divided Americans throughout the states -Federalists did not want to support their allies -Anti Federalists wanted to support france, but were violently pushed back.

Question 57

impressment

Answer 57

Kidnapping of American sailors by British navy and forcing them to be their slaves or die. -main cause for war of 1812

Question 58

Jay's Treaty

Answer 58

-a treaty where no british troops were not allowed impressment or the rights of american shipping, in exchange that they guaranteed forward treatment to british imported-goods.

Question 59

Whiskey Rebellion

Answer 59

-broke out in 1794 when famers sought to block collection of the new tax on distilled spirits. -Federalists believed that democracy and freedom was dangerous in ordinary citizen's hands. -only war that Washington departed on during his presidency

Question 60

Republic

Answer 60

the ideology of governing the nation as a republic, where the head of state is not appointed through hereditary means, but usually through an election