Architecture Test 1 Flashcards

Question

"Duck"

Answer 1

The terms “duck” and “decorated shed” were codified in the 1972 book "Learning from Las Vegas" by Robert Venturi, his wife Denise Scott Brown, and their friend Steven Izenour. The book argues that there are two distinctly different types of buildings and that all buildings can be classified as one or the other. (ASK!!)

Answer 2

A big-box store (also supercenter, superstore, or megastore) is a physically large retail establishment, usually part of a chain. The term sometimes also refers, by extension, to the company that operates the store. Example: Walmart (ASK!!!)

Answer 3

* Steel fame construction (skyscrapers). * Examples: John Hancock, Lloyd Building * Example of Hi-tech architecture (ASK!!!)

Answer 4

* the constant weight of a structure, including the structure itself, along with fixtures intended to be permanent. * The dead load includes loads that are relatively constant over time, including the weight of the structure itself, and immovable fixtures such as walls, plasterboard or carpet. The roof is also a dead load. Dead loads are also known as permanent or static loads. (Example: hospital beds, equipment, etc.) (ASK!!)

Answer 5

the natural wind forces that push and pull on the sides of buildings (ASK!!)

Answer 6

unplanned suburban growth outside of cities Other notes maybe related: * Made possible by septic tanks (no sewage lines) * Had to call on neighboring metropolitan areas in case of fire (no fire hydrants) * Cheapest housing = trailer parks; plugged into local power outlets, mobile, produced in factories

Answer 7

* attached houses, single-family * a term in architecture and city planning referring to a style of medium-density housing that originated in Europe in the 16th century, where a row of identical or mirror-image houses share side walls. They are also known in some areas as row houses or linked houses.

Answer 8

* Buckminster Fuller, 1960s (1967) * Monorail goes through the building * Tetrahedron structure * Eventually burned (“plastic” windows) * Also called Montreal Biosphère

Answer 9

is not simply regionalism in the sense of vernacular architecture. It is a progressive approach to design that seeks to mediate between the global and the local languages of architecture. (ASK!!!)

Answer 10

is a city and a union territory in the northern part of India that serves as the capital of the states ofPunjab and Haryana. As a union territory, the city is ruled directly by the Union Government of India and is not part of either state.

Answer 11

* Also called "Corn Belt" * North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas and the West sides of Minnesota, Iowa and Missouri. * Since 1850s (ASK!!)

Answer 12

* What makes water workable? Dams * Reservoir \> electricity \> makes the water move * 100 years ago, first Salt River Project * Another example is AZ Project: * Water comes from Colorado River. Brings water to Phx, Tucson, San Diego, Las Vegas * Without it, we wouldn’t have civilization here * Several tunnels/aqueducts make it possible for metropolitan areas to have water/electric (paid for by taxes)

Answer 13

* A megastructure is a very large manmade object, though the limits of precisely how large this is vary considerably. Some apply the term to any especially large or tall building. * Palm Island - Dubai (Madinat Al Arab) * Burj Al Arab (Eiffel Tower of Dubai) * Example: Great Wall of China, skyscrapes * Buckminster Fuller did megastructures

Answer 14

Decorated shed is an example of a logo building. Another example: Best Store

Answer 15

* adopted by the Continental Congress in the US on May 20,1785 * the reason the streets are on a grid now * delegated the way the land could be divided (miles, acres) * Wealthier parts of town = streets farther apart

Answer 16

* Expo 58, also known as the Brussels World’s Fair was held from April 17th to October 19th 1958. It was the first major World's Fair after World War II. * Mid Century Modern * Atomic Age (Style) * Atoms and atomic bombs in 1950s

Answer 17

* (Space Needle) * **The Century 21 Exposition** (also known as the Seattle World's Fair) was a world's fair held in 1962, in Seattle, Washington. * Nearly 10 million people attended the fair.Unlike some other world's fairs of its era, Century 21 made a profit

Answer 18

* 1967 (Expo 67) * **Habitat 67**, is a model community and housing complex in Montreal, Canada, designed by Canadian architect **Moshe Safdie**. Built as a pavilion for Expo 67, the World's Fair. Considered an architectural landmark and one of the most recognizable and significant buildings in both Montreal and Canada * **US pavilion** was a 250 foot diameter Buckminster Fuller 3/4 geodesic dome

Answer 19

American Institute of Architects

Answer 20

Museum of Modern Art, New York (Modernism; International style architecture since 1922)

Answer 21

Skidmore, Owings, Merrill * Lever House 1951 (curtain walls) * Freedom Tower

Answer 22

"The International Style" 1932 (MoMA Exhibition) * Name of a major architectural style emerged in the 1920s and 1930s (early 20th century), the formative decades of modern architecture, as first defined by Americans Hitchcock and Johnson, with an emphasis more on architectural style, form and aesthetics than the social aspects of the modern movement as emphasised in Europe. * Common characteristics: **geometic shapes**, rectilinear forms; light, taut plane surfaces that have been completely stripped of applied ornamentation and decoration; open interior spaces; a visually weightless quality engendered by the use of **cantilever construction**. * PSFS Building * Glass and steel, in combination with usually less visible reinforced concrete, are the characteristic materials of the construction.

Answer 23

"The New Brutalism," 1966 * Raw Concrete (exploitation of concrete) * COOR is like this

Answer 24

"Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture," 1966 (MoMA publ.) * expresses in original terms the postmodern rebellion against the purism of modernism Later he wrote "Learning From Las Vegas" which coined the terms "Duck" and "Decorated Shed"

Answer 25

et. al., "Learning from Las Vegas" 1972 * calling for architects to be more receptive to the tastes and values of "common" people and less immodest in their erections of "heroic," self-aggrandizing monuments * Coined "Decorated Shed" and "Duck"

Answer 26

"Language of Post-Modern Architecture" 1977 * Narrative and photos of architecture in the Post Modern style contrasting it with the proceeding modern style

Answer 27

"Deconstructivist Architecture" 1988 (MoMA Exhibition) * focuses on 7 international architects whose recent work marks the emergence of a new sensibility in architecture. The architects recognize the imperfectibility of the modern world and seek to address, in Johnson's words, the "pleasures of unease." Obsessed with diagonals, arcs, and warped planes, they intentionally violate the cubes and right angles of modernism

Answer 28

* generally describes mid-20th century developments in modern design, architecture and urban development from roughly 1933 to 1965 * Examples (structures): * New National Gallery Berlin * Syndey Opera House * Jefferson Memorial Arch * Stahl House * Examples (architects) * Le Corbusier * Mies van der Rohe

Answer 29

* Brutalist architecture is a movement in architecture that flourished from the 1950s to the mid-1970s, descending from the modernist architectural movement of the early 20th century. * term originates from the French word for "raw" in the term used by Le Corbusier * Reyner Banham adapted the term into "Brutalism" from "New Brutalism" * Paul Rudolf – Brutalism comes to the United States (Art and Architecture Building - image attached) * Boston City Hall – competition mid 1960s

Answer 30

* Buildings have unique features that set them apart from other plain buildings * Michael Graves (Portland, OR) Late 70s Postmodernism (pic on front) * Small windows (inexpensive to heat and cool) * Philip Johnson (postmodern architect - Picture attached; note top design) * Humana Building (Graves)

Answer 31

* ASU Law Library (image) * Coop himmelblau * Zaha Hadid * Frank Gehry * Santa Monica, CA (office) * Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao * Disney Concert Hall (Philarmonic)

Answer 32

* Bridge between modernism and post-modernism * Reveal their structure on the outside as well as the inside, but with visual emphasis placed on the internal steel * John Hancock Center (Built by SOM), HSBC Building (Hong Kong), Lloyd Building

Answer 33

Chapel de Notre Dame Du Haut * Brutalism * Built like an airplane hanger * Structure is mostly made of concrete, thick walls * Upturned roof supported along columns * Le Corbusier - 1953-1954 * Played with thickness of concrete walls

Answer 34

* Charles and Ray Eames * During the '50s * Built around shade * Expensive to control temperature (glass) * Alternative to Levitt homes * Landmark of Mid-20th Century Modern * Double-height loft like a a nomadic structure * Steel frame, flat roofs, box-like open plan

Answer 35

* Pierre Koenig * Built 1960 * Mid Century Modern

Answer 36

* New York to Wisconsin (abandoned factories, housing) * Indiana, Ohio, Illinois, Pennsylvania, New York, West Virginia

Answer 37

* Cuyahoga River – polluted red because of the rust * So polluted w/ oil and chemicals it caught fire * 1917 plan to straighten the river (would have cost millions of dollars then, and even more now; never done) * Cleveland known for steel and oil

Answer 38

* Known for automotive * Huge area of abandoned factories (decay)

Answer 39

* Development of postmodern architecture that began in the late 1980s. It is influenced by the theory of "Deconstruction", which is characterized by fragmentation, an interest in manipulating a structure's surface, non-rectilinear shapes which appear to distort and dislocate elements of architecture. * The finished visual appearance is characterized by unpredictability and controlled chaos. (Zaha hadid fire station)

Answer 40

* 1886-1969 * Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago * Seagram Building * New National Gallery Berlin * Farnsworth House

Answer 41

* Custom Steel that gets sand blasted and painted wide * Ground plane and roof plane – very simple * 1950s * Next to Fox River * 10 acre plot * 9 ft. high ceiling * Front door pivots on center * Flying bug problem (drawn to light at night) * River rises and although it was raised up, eventually the house flooded * Expensive to heat and cool because it’s all glass (no insulation)

Answer 42

* Philip Johnson, 1949 * Connecticut * Glass house * Lots of land around it (very private) * Again, problem of heating and cooling * Would be illegal to do today because of amount of glass; codes limit amount of glass used * Flat roof, not good for weather conditions (snow)

Answer 43

1. Mid-Century Modern (1940-1950s) 2. Modernism (1950s-1960s) 3. Brutalism (1950s-1970s) 4. Hi-Tech (Mid 60s-present) 5. Post-Modernism (1970s-1980s) 6. Deconstructivism (1980s-present)

Architecture Test 1 Flashcards

(68 cards)