Argument
a set of propositions that consists of premises intended to provide reasons for accepting a conclusion.
Inference
the process whereby one proposition (the conclusion) is arrived at on the basis of other propositions (the premises).
Rational persuation
the proponent of a proposition P rationally persuades the opponent to accept P if the proponent causes the opponent to believe P by putting forward cogent arguments or good reasons on its behalf.
Premises
a subset of propositions.
Conclusion
a doubtful, questionable or unsettled proposition.