Argumentation
the action or process of reasoning systematically in support of an idea, action, or theory
Claim
The main point or argument; what you are trying to prove
Evidence
Specific examples used to support your claim
Line of Reasoning
The arrangement of claims that show how clams, evidence, and explanations lead to a certain conclusion
Counterclaim:
The opposing point of view to one’s thesis/argument.
Counterargument
Your response to your opponent’s counterclaim that explains why their view is flawed.
Note: a counterargument contains an acknowledgement of the counterclaim and a rebuttal.
Absolute argument
An argument free from imperfection; a perfect argument
Qualified argument
An argument that modifies, limits, or restricts its claims by presenting exceptions
Concession
Acknowledging a valid point or truth from the opposing side
Limiters
Qualifiers that limit a statement or assertion (e.g. to some extent, mostly, insofar as)
Maximizers
Qualifiers that exhibit confidence or importance (e.g. clearly, primarily, more importantly)
Assumption
What someone takes for granted
GOPHERS
Be able to write out the words related to the acronym by memory (i.e. Government, & Current Events, Our personal Experiences & Observations, Philosophy & Psychology, History, Entertainment, Reading & Literature, Sports, Science, & Technology)
Refutation / Rebuttal
Addressing and disproving or responding to a counterclaim
