Urban areas were important locations for the development of what?
Jazz age art, architecture, and popular culture like music, fashion, theater, and movies.
For most of America’s history, it had been a mostly _________ nation.
rural
The 1920 census demonstrated that (for the first time in the nation’s history), most Americans lived in ___________
cities
In the following decade after 1920, more many Americans moved from the countryside to urban areas?
six million americans
In the 1920s, African Americans began moving from the rural South to where?
Industrial cities all over the country, such as southern cities like Birmingham, Alabama, and northern industrial powerhouses like Cleveland, Detroit, Los Angeles, and Chicago.
Which city’s black population more than doubled during the 1920s, from 152,000 to 328,000?
New York
The massive relocation of African Americans between 1915 and 1970 was known as the?
Great Migration
Between which years did the Great Migration take place?
1915 and 1970
Why did the Great Migration occur?
African Americans moved out of the rural South, seeking better opportunities and higher wages in urban settings.
In the fifty years leading up to the Jazz Age, an estimated how many new immigrants had come into the country?
26 million
The 1910 census showed that in New York, what percent of residents were either foreign-born or the first-generation children of immigrants?
78.6 percent
Out of the fifteen largest cities in the country in 1910, which cities recorded a majority of their population as immigrants or first-generation?
Baltimore and New Orleans
What did Yasuo Kuniyoshi, Tina Modotti, Man Ray, and Alfred Stieglitz have in common?
They were all either immigrants or the children of them.
Why did the ratio of Black Americans in the 1920s compared to other races decrease in major cities?
Because congress severely limited the number of applicants who were let in, establishing immigration quotas in legislation. (Passed in 1921, 1924, and 1929)
During the 1920s, Urban America was still shaped by the polices of which era?
The Progressive Era.
When was the Progressive Era in effect?
Between the 1890s and 1920s.
What was the Progressive Era?
It privileged regulation and the intervention of local, state, and federal government into citizens’ lives, managing issues like corruption, pollution, poverty, etc.
The Progressive Era saw the growth of specialized education and professionalism in which fields?
Medicine and the Law.
Which sociology researchers at the University of Chicago established the academic discipline of urban studies in the 1920s, formalizing the study of urban systems and communities for the first time?
Ernest W. Burgess and Robert E. Park
The idea of Zoning laws was a result of which era?
The Progressive Era
What were zoning laws?
Laws used to manage sprawl & create more orderly and navigable cities, separating industrial areas from residential areas to avoid pollution.
The most famous zoning ordinance was New York City’s law titled?
The “setback” law, part of a larger zoning bill of 1916.
What was the “setback” law?
A law created to avoid tall buildings turning streets into dark, gloomy corners, requiring buildings must be built a certain distance from the “lot line” & have a facade that receded a further distance back for each incremental increase in height.
The “setback” law led to what architectural trend?
Pyramidal towers and inspired imaginative artistic responses, like those produced by the architectual draftsman Hugh Ferriss.
