a painting technique creating soft transitions between colors and tones
- seen in Leonardo da Vinci’s works
sfumato
a semicircular arch commonly used in Roman and Romanesque architecture
round arch
an arched structure forming roof or ceiling; such arched areas between columns
vault
a Church architectural design common in Byzantine architecture, where the central space forms a cross shape with a square
cross in square plan
religious icons created with glaze on ceramic tiles, typical of Bulgarian Medieval art
ceramic icons
a semicircular recess at the end of a church, often housing the altar; inherited from Roman architecture
apse
basilica
A large, rectangular building used in ancient Rome for public gatherings, later adapted as a Christian church layout.
- has different levels with separate roofs and windows for each level, all hosting a common interior separated by columns
colored glass windows arranged in decorative designs, often depicting biblical scenes in Gothic Churches
stained glass window
a large circular stained glass window design, found in Gothic cathedrals
rose window
the central, belonged area of a church/basilica where the congregation sits or stands
nave
A carved stone figure projecting from a building, often functioning as a water spout in Gothic architecture, designed to guard the inner Cathedral space from evil
Gargoyle
a painting technique where pigments are applied to wet plaster, thus making the mural a chemically stable part of the wall
fresco
a sculptures semicircular panel above a church door, featuring religious imagery
Tympanum
a sharper, Gothic-style arch that directs weight downwards, allowing for taller structures
pointed arch
thick stone supports built against walls (meeting columns) to provide stability, often seen in Romanesque architecture
solid buttresses
a hand-decorated book or document, often adorned with gold, silver, and vibrant colours, common in the medieval period
illuminated manuscripts
a Renaissance intellectual movement emphasizing the value and potential of humans, inspired by classical texts
humanism
a triangular arrangement of elements in a painting, creating stability and guiding the viewer’s focus, often used in Renaissance art
pyramidal composition
arched external supports that transfer the weight of vaulted ceilings from the walls, so as to allow for light, characteristic of Gothic architecture
flying buttresses
