Arthrokinetics

Question 1

Older joints display a display subtile decrease in both angular ______ and displacement due in part to ________ changes and structural changes in and around the ______

Answer 1

velocity
sensorimotor
joints

Question 2

Decrease in both angular velocity and displacement: points

Answer 2

• May be in part, simply a natural biological process intended to ensure the safety and well being of the individual
• slowing down, in effect protects painful joints, reduce the likelihood of falls, and protects a skeletal system with osteoporosis from large forces
• Up to a pont : beyond that point, it may be harmful (gait speed)

Question 3

Not all elderly individuals lose significant ___, but if it does occur, significant _____ in ROM can be gained through ____ stretching programs

Answer 3

ROM
increase
regular

Question 4

Pathomechanics related to decreased ROM:

Answer 4

Hip flexion contracture

Senile kyphosis

Question 5

Hip flexion contracture:

Answer 5

IN standing with normal ROM of hips, the line of gravity falls just posterior to axis for flex/ext and is balanced by the natural stiffness in the taught iliofemoral ligament

Question 6

Hip Flex Contracture:
In standing with a ______ flexion contracture, the line of gravity falls just ______ to the axis for flex/ext and must be countered by hip ______ mm force; lumbar spine ______ and knee _______ also occur in order to restore and erect trunk and ______

Answer 6

hip
anterior
extensor
hyperextension
flexion
pelvis

Question 7

Hip flex contracture:

Increased _____ forces at the hip may exacerbate _____ hip pain or increase _____ wear

Answer 7

myogenic
existing
cartilage

Question 8

Hip Flex Contracture:

Increased ______ requirements may lead to ______ fatigue

Answer 8

Metabolic

general

Question 9

Senile Kyphosis

Answer 9

Age related kyphosis:

• Accentuated kyphosis is commin in the elderly and can result in large external gravitational torques about the spine wich increases the magnitude of intervertebral joint forces and possibly predisposition to arthritic changes, compression Fx, disc injury, loss of height, and bony remodeling
• This results in a need for increased back extensor mm force to hold the trunk and the head upright.