Article 1 - Gilles

Question 1

who defined sovereignty as absolute and indivisible?

Answer 1

jean bodin

Question 2

what was the ideal form of sovereignty in France?

Answer 2

absolute centralized power under the king

Question 3

how did sovereignty in the colonies differ from france?

Answer 3

it was often negotiated, shared, or symbolic due to indigenous power and local realities

Question 4

how did france claim North America?

Answer 4

through ceremonies of possession - crosses flags speeches

Question 5

what treaty showed indigenous nations as diplomatic equals?

Answer 5

peace treaty of Montreal 1701

Question 6

what was the French governor called by indigenous nations?

Answer 6

onontio (father)

Question 7

did indigenous nations sell land to French?

Answer 7

yes, often through negotiation

Question 8

did the French fully control justice in indigenous areas?

Answer 8

no, request indigenous autonomy

Question 9

what was needed to become a French subject in New France?

Answer 9

baptism, loyalty to the king, cultural assimilation

Question 10

what does francisation mean?

Answer 10

turning indigenous people into culturally French subject

Question 11

was assimilation of indigenous people successful?

Answer 11

rarely, many remained autonomous

Question 12

how did religion play into colonialism rule?

Answer 12

conversion to catholicism was used to justify colonialization

Question 13

what is a regnicole?

Answer 13

person born in king’s realm

Question 14

what is onontio?

Answer 14

Iroquois name for the French governor, means father

Question 15

what are ceremonies of possession?

Answer 15

symbolic rituals to claim land (ex planting crosses)

Question 16

what is naturalization in new France

Answer 16

religious and cultural process, not just legal

Question 17

who wrote about diplomacy and indigenous relations (this article)?

Answer 17

Gilles hasard

Question 18

was French sovereignty total?

Answer 18

no, often shared or negotiated

Question 19

how did frnwch view indigenous allies

Answer 19

almost like children in paternalistic and belittling relationship

Question 20

why did france prefer diplomacy over military conquest?

Answer 20

it lacked resources and needed indigenous alliances

Question 21

what did havard think the word protection means in this context?

Answer 21

not simply about military defence, about taking a smaller nation under its wings - legal and diplomatic concept that implied relationship as a protector and child - middle ground between domination and independence -legitamize French presence without needing to enforce political or legal control