Articles

Question 1

Sovereignty

Answer 1

• A state has complete and exclusive sovereignty over the airspace above its territory
• allows the state to impose its national laws on users of its airspace

Question 2

Territory

Answer 2

• It’s the airspace above and within the state’s territorial borders - deemed to be the land areas, adjacent territorial water under the soveirgnity, suzerainty or madate of that state
• There is no vertical limit
• There is lateral limit (which is the state’s borders)
• If the state has sea boundaries then the air space territory extends beyound the land to an internationally agreed limit of territorial water

In **High Seas **(ie beyound state terroritorial boundaries) - the ICAO

Question 3

Civil and state aircraft

Answer 3

The convention applies to civil aircraft only, not state aircraft (military, police, customs..etc)

Question 4

Misuse of Civil aviation

Answer 4

civil aviation can’t be used in ways that are inconsistent with convention’s purpose

Question 5

Right of non-scheduled flights

Answer 5

Each state agrees to allow aircraft of other states to(not part of scheduled international flights):

• fly into or over its territory without prior permission
• take or discharge passengers, mail and cargo

Notes: The State can:
* request the landing of non-scheduled flights

• impose regulations, conditions and limitations
• request special permission or provide special instruction and prescribed routes if the aircraft is flying into regions that are inaccessible or do not have adqueate air navigation facilities.

Question 6

scheduled flights

Answer 6

Scheduled international air service:

• cannot operate in/over a contracting state territory without prior permission
• must follow the limits of the authorization given

Question 7

Cabotage

Answer 7

• A contracting state can refuse permission for another state aircraft to take on, in its territory, commercial passengers, mail & cargo if aircraft is destined for another point in its territory
• states must not grant cabotage privileges on an exclusive basis to other state or airline of another state

Question 8

Pilotless aircraft

Answer 8

Pilotless aircraft (drones) can be flown over a state’s territory with special permissions and its conditions must be met.

measures to prevent danger to civil aircraft must be taken

Question 9

Prohibited areas

Answer 9

Contracting states:

1. May restrict or prohibit aircraft from flying in or over areas of their territory
2. Ensure areas must be located to not interfere with air navigation
3. Notified to ICAO & other states
4. Must apply prohibition/restrictions on all civil aircraft of all states equally
5. If such areas have been overflown, might be necessary for aircraft must land at designated airport as soon as possible

Question 10

Landing at custom airports

Answer 10

Unless premission has been granted…

Aircraft entering the territory of another state must, if regulations require it,

• land at a designated airport for purpose of customs and examination
• depart from designated customs airport

NOTE:
Designated custom airports must be reported by the state to ICAO to dissiminate this info to other states

Question 11

Applicability of Air Regulations

Answer 11

Aircraft of a state must comply with the air navigation laws of the state being overflown

Question 12

Rules of Air

Answer 12

1. A state must ensure any aircraft flying over its territory **is complying to its rules of air **

2.Must prosecuteanyone who deviates/violate rules.

3. Deviation from rules is only permitted in interest of flight safety only.
4. Over high seas, ICAO rules apply.
5. rules of air **should be as close as possible to ICAO regulations **and be strictly enforced

Question 13

Search an aircraft

Answer 13

a state has the right (without unreasonable delay) to:

• search an aircraft on landing/departing
• inspect its certificates/docs

Question 14

Custom and Immigration

Answer 14

Each state must establish customs procedures in accordance to ICAO recommendations

However, a state can establish a custom-free airport if it wishes.

Question 15

Custom Duty

Answer 15

Aircraft flying over , to and from the airspace of a member state shall be admitted temporarily free of duty, subject to the state’s custom regulations

Excepted from customs:
parts and equipment imported for the use on an aircraft of a contracting state.
But these items might be kept under custom supervision

Question 16

Aircraft in distress

Answer 16

contracting states must provide assistance an aircraft in distress.

State must collaborate with any coordinate with rescue measures recommended by ICAO

states must allow the owner/authority of the aircraft’s registration origin to provide assistance

Question 17

Air navigation facilities and standard systems

Answer 17

Each state much:
1. Provide airports, radio services, air navigation services ets in accordance to ICAO standards
2. Operate on standard codes, signals, communications, registration marks, etc as per ICAO recommendations
3. Publish aeronautical charts and maps as per ICA standards

Question 18

Documents carried in Aircraft

Answer 18

1. Flight crew licenses
2. Airworthiness certificate
3. Aircraft registration certificate
4. Recognition of certificates and licenses
5. Journey Logbook
6. Passenger list, point of embarkation and landing
7. cargo manfiest
8. radio station license

Question 19

Nationality of aircraft

Answer 19

Is the nationality of state of registry

Question 20

Dual Registration

Answer 20

aircraft can only be registered in 1 state

but registration can be transferred between states

Question 21

national laws governing registration

Answer 21

when an aircraft is

• being registered
• or its registration has transferred from 1 state to another

the laws of its state of registration applies

Question 22

Display marks

Answer 22

All aircraft involved in international flights

• must display Nationality & Registration Marks

Question 23

Certificate of Airworthiness

Answer 23

Aircraft involved in international navigation must:

• carry CoA issued and validated by the state the aircraft is registered in

Question 24

Licenses of Personnel

Answer 24

Pilots and flight crew must carry licenses and competency certificates

• issued and rendered valid by the aircraft registeration state.
• A state may reject the certificates held by its nationals if issued from another state

Question 25

Recognition of certificates and licenses

Answer 25

**Certificates/licenses issued & validated by states in which the aircraft is registered** * **must be recognized** **by other contracting states - as long as they meet ICAO standards**

Question 26

Endorsement of certificates and licenses

Answer 26

**Endorsement of Airworthiness:** Any aircraft (or part of), that fails to meet airworthiness performance standards must have a detailed endorsment attached to its CoA **Endorsement of License:** A license holder who doesn't meet the conditions related to their class of license/certificate must have their license endorsed with explanation.

Question 27

Validity of endorsed certificates and licenses

Answer 27

**If a CoA or license is endorsed -** a **specific permission** is required** before entering a state's airspace**

Question 28

Journey log book

Answer 28

Log book must be maintained for each aircraft. Contains crew details and journey details in ICAO standards

Question 29

Photographic apparatus

Answer 29

states can **prohibit or regulate the use** of photographic apparatus in **aircrafts** **flying within its territory**

Question 30

Cargo Restrictions

Answer 30

* **Munition** & implements of war **may not be carried into a state's airspace without permission** * **state determines what constitutes munition** of war * Each **state may prohibit the carriage of other types of material** into its airspace **as long as:** * it **doesn't include equipment required for navigation and safety of flight** * it **doesn't discrimminate between its own aircraft and another state's aircraft**

Question 31

Departure from international standards and practices

Answer 31

A **state MUST inform ICAO immediately** when : 1. it is **impracticable to comply in all respect** to international standards/practices 2. Deems it necessary to **adopt different practices** 3.**Unable to incorporate** an ICAO **amendments** --->must **inform** ICAO in **60 days**

Question 32

Adoption of international standards & recommendation practices (SARP)

Answer 32

States must help achieve uniformity in regulations, standards and procedures to comply as much as possible to ICAO SARP - airworthiness of aircraft - licensing of flight crew - registrations of aircraft - log book format - - airport characteristics and ATC practices - communication and air navigations aids, markings - collection of meteorological info - aeronautical charts and maps - aircraft in distress and accident investigation - customs and immigration | if a state doesn't want to comply with ICAO standards, they must inform