CSD 155 > Articulation > Flashcards

Articulation Flashcards

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1
Q

articulation

A

shaping the sound

the process of joining two elements together

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2
Q

articulatory system

A

the system of mobile and immobile articulators brought into contact for the purpose of shaping the sounds of speech

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3
Q

cavities of the vocal tract

A

buccal
oral
pharyngeal
nasal

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4
Q

buccal cavity

A

from lips and cheeks, gums and teeth, to area behind the third molar

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5
Q

oral cavity

A
  • bounded by teeth (anterior, lateral facets) faucets, palate, and tongue
  • superior part: hard palate
  • back of oral cavity: fauces
    –anterior fauces (anterior faucial pillar)
    posterior fauces (posterior faucial pillar)
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6
Q

fauces

A

junction of oral/nasal and pharyngeal cavities
aka palatine arches
above = soft palate
below = dorsum of tongue

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7
Q

pharyngeal cavity

A 
~12 cm long
three parts:
1. nasopharymx
2. oropharynx
3. laryngopharynx
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8
Q

nasopharynx

A

superior: rostrum of sphenoid
posterior: pharyngeal protuberance of occipital lobe
inferior: soft palate
anterior open to nasal choanae
lateral: level of eustachian tube

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9
Q

oropharynx

A

superior boundary: soft palate
inferior boundary: hyoid
anterior boundary: faucial pillars

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10
Q

laryngopharynx

A

superior boundary: level of hyoid
inferior boundary: esophagus
anterior: epiglottis

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11
Q

nasal cavitis

A

two chambers separated by bony/cartilaginous septum
anterior boundary: nostrils (nares)
posterior boundary: choanae
superior: nasal bone
inferior: maxillary palatine process and palatine bones
lateral: maxillae

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12
Q

eustachian tube

A 
courses lateral, back, and up to middle ear
salpingopharyngeal fold = torus tubarius
mucous membrane fold at opening of tube
--middle ear function
--patent: open
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13
Q

the skull

A

22 bones
ossicles (3 pair): middle ear bones
-maleus, incus, stapes

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14
Q

bones of the face

A 
mandible
maxillae
nasal bone
palatine bone and nasal conchae
vomer
zygomatic bone
lacrimal bone: inside skull, forms lateral nasal wall and medial orbit
hyoid bone
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15
Q

mandible (1 bone)

A
  • jaw, bilaterally symmetric bone, only truly-movable bone of skull (not counting ossicles
  • articulates with the temporal bone via the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
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16
Q

posterior mandible landmarks

A
  • mandibular ramus
  • angle of the mandible
  • corpus/body
  • mandibular notch
  • coronoid process
  • condyloid process
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17
Q

coronoid process

A

for attachment of temporalis via the zygomatic arch

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18
Q

condyloid process

A

articulates with mandibular fossa of temporal bone via the temporomandibular joint

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19
Q

medial mandible

A
  • corpus

- mental foramen

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20
Q

mental foramen

A

-medial outer surface of corpus for lingual branch of mandibular nerve of V trigeminal

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21
Q

inner mandible

A
  • mylohyoid line

- mandibular foramen

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22
Q

mandibular foramen

A

alveolar nerve of mandibular branch of V trigeminal

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23
Q

crown

A

visible, projects above gums, 1/3 of tooth

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24
Q

root

A

embedded in alveolar process, 2/3 of tooth

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25
cementum
thin layer of bone holding tooth
26
neck
juncture of root and crown
27
dentin
ivory or tooth, bulk of tooth; contains nerves in pulp
28
enamel
- hardest substance in body - covers crown to root (not on root) - resists abrasion - thickest on grinding surface
29
maxillae
-second largest face bone -upper jaw forms the: - anterior portion of hard palate - lower, anterior portion of the face - floor of nasal cavity - walls of nasal cavity - a portion of the eye socket
30
anterior maxillae landmarks
- frontal process - zygomatic process - nasal crest - nasal notch
31
inferior maxillae landmarks
- alveolar process - alveoli - palatine process - intermaxillary suture - premaxilla - premaxillary suture - incisive foramen
32
maxillae: anterior surface
- canine eminence - infraorbital foramen - anterior nasal spine
33
maxillae: posterior surface
- forms part of the infratemporal fossa - alveolar canals - maxillary tuberosity - maxillary sinus - inter-maxillary suture - orbital surface - nasal notch - lacrimal margin - nasal crest - transverse maxillo-palatine suture
34
nasal bones
- small, paired - make up bridge of nose, medial to frontal process of the maxilla articulate with: - frontal bone - maxilla -ethmoid bone - septal cartilage
35
palatine bones
- posterior to maxillae - makes up posterior 1/4 of hard palate - posterior 1/4 of nasal cavity - posterior walls of nasal cavity - "L" shaped
36
palatine landmarks
- horizontal plates - transverse maxillo-palatine suture - posterior nasal spines - vertical plate - inter-palatine suture - orbital process
37
vomer
- inferior aspect of nasal septum - unpaired bone - articulates with maxillae and palatine inferiorly - articualtes with sphenoid rostrum and perpendicular plate of ethmoid in posterior-superior region
38
septum
separation wall between the two nasal cavities
39
zygomatic bone
``` - lateral aspect and floor of orbit articulates with: - frontal bone - sphenoid - maxilla - temporal bone note: zygomatic arch is made up of temporal process of zygomatic bone and zygomatic process of temporal bone ```
40
cranial bones
- ethmoid (1) - sphenoid (1) - parietal (1 pair) - occipital (1) - temporal (1 pair) - frontal (1)
41
ethmoid:
- between orbital plates of frontal bone - forms part of medial orbit - forms superior part of nasal sinus landmarks: - crista galli - cribiform plate - perpendicular plate - superior and middle nasal concha - orbital surface - ethmoid sinus
42
crista falli
prominence in cranial cavity for attachmen of falx cerebri (dura mater component)
43
cribirform plate
separates cranial cavity and nasal cavity | - olfactory bulb through plate
44
perpendicular plate
part of nasal septum with vomer
45
sphenoid
- butterfly shaped - bulk of floor of cranial cavity landmarks: - greater wing - medial pterygoid plate - lateral pterygoid plate hamulus - orbital surface sella turcica (hypophyseal fossa) cerebral surface - pterygoid fossa - pterygoid notch - lesser wing
46
parietal
- articulate with each other, frontal, temporal, and occipital bones - divided by sagittal suture landmarks: - occipital margin - superior temporal line - squasmosal/temporal margin - inferior temporal line - frontal margin sagittal line
47
occipital
- unpaired - posterior -lambdoidal suture to parietal - foramen magnum for spinal cord landmarks - squamous portion - inferior nuchal line - lambdoid (parietal) margin - basilar portion - superior nuchal line - foramen magnum - mastoid margin - occipital condyle - inion
48
temporal
- paired - mastoid - styloid process - external auditory meatus (EAM) - paretomastoid suture - zygomatic process - lateral cranium, includes entire ear, mastoid process, zygomatic arch landmarks: - squamous portion - mastoid portion - petrous portion - tympanic portion - styloid process
49
frontal
- unpaired - coronal suture - superior orbits - anterior brain case - forehead landmarks - glabella - supraorbital margin - ethmoid notch - temporal fossa
50
vocal folds
source of sound
51
oral cavity
we change shape of it to shape the osunds
52
source-filter theory of sound production
- describes how oral cavity shapes speech - states that a voicing source is generated by vocal folds, routed through vocal tract, and then shaped into sounds of speech
53
articulators
points of articulation in speech - lips - hard palate - soft palate (velum) - cheeks - mandible - teeth - tongue - largest articulatory structure
54
lips
- orifice of mouth & external boundary of buccal cavity - made up of muscle, mucous membrane, epithelial tissue - vermillion zone: red part of lips - philtrum column: vertical line on side of philtrum - cupid's bow - philtrum: groove on upper lip - labial glands: inner surface of lip around orifice
55
orbicularis oris
- oval ring of fiber - encircles mouth as a sphincter (draw string) - unpaired muscle - pucker lips, closes mouth - many other muscles insert here - surrounds the mouth
56
transverse muscles
- pulls lips toward teeth - approach horizontally - buccinator - risorius
57
angular
- pull corners up or down (smile or frown) - approach at an angle - levator anguli oris, - depressor anguli oris, - zygomatic major and minor
58
vertical
- pull upper lip up, lower lip down - approach vertically - mentalis - levator labii superioris - depressor labii inferioris
59
buccinator
- Bugler's muscle - cheek - deepest facial muscle - origin: pterygomandibular raphe and mylohyoid line of mandible - course: anteriorly - insertion: VII facial - innervation: VII facial - function: pulls lips toward teeth
60
risorius
- origin: fscia of masseter - course: superficial and parallel to buccinator - insertion: corner of mouth and lower lip - innervation: VII facial - function: pulls lips toward teeth
61
zygomatic minor
- origin: facial surface of zygomatic bone - course: down - insertion: orbicularis oris - innervation: VII facial - function: elevate upper lip corner
62
zygomatic major
- origin: zygomatic bone - course: down - insertion: corner of mouth - innervation: VII facial - function: draws angle (corner) of lips up (grin)
63
depressor anguli oris
- originL: oblique line of mandible (sup. to angle) - course: up - insertion: orbicularis oris at corners - innervation: VII facial - function: depress angle (corner) of lip (frown)
64
levator anguli oris
- superior counterpart to depressor anguli oris - deep to levator labii superior - above angle of mouth - origin: superficial surface of maxilla - course: down - insertion: orbicular oris, angle of mouth - innervation: VII facial - function: elevate lip corner
65
mentalis
- origin: mental protuberance of mandible - protrusion, lower mid - course: up - insertion: center, obicularis oris - innervation: VII facial - function: wrinkle chin, lower bottom lip
66
depressor labii inferior
- origin: mandible, lateral to mental symphysis - course: up and out - insertion: corner of mouth, orbicularis oris - innervation: VII facial - function: draws lip down and in (pout)
67
levator labii superior
- origin: infraorbital margin of maxilla - couse: down and lateral to orbicularis oris and side of nostril (dilates nostril) - insertion: orbicularis oris - innervation: VII facial - function: raises upper lip and flares nostril
68
platysma
- origin: cervical fascia and pectoral region - course: up - insertion: lower mandible - innervation: VII facial - function: depress mandible
69
tongue
- nearest teeth - blade: just below alveolar ridge - dorsum: just below hard palate - root: beneath soft palate
CSD 155
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