Classification of joints - structural classification
- fibrous (connected by fibrous tissue)
- cartilaginous (connected by cartilage
- synovial (contains joint cavity)
Fibrous Types
- Suture (Synarthrosis, between bones of skull)
- gomphoses (Synarthrosis, periodontal ligaments attaching teeth to bone)
- syndsmoses (amphiarthrosis, tibia and fibula & radius and ulna, connected by ligaments
Cartilaginous types
- Synchondrosis (Synarthrosis, connection by hyaline cartilage, ex. Ribs to sternum(costochondral joint))
- symphysis (amphiarthrosis, connected by fibrocartillage, pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs)
Synovial joints
- diarthrosis
- contains joint capsule and synovial membrane
- ex: shoulder, elbow, hip, knee
- made up of 1- articulate capsule (fibrous layer and synovial membrane) 2- synovial fluid 3-joint cavity
Rheumatoid arthritis
Bilateral, autoimmune disease where cartilage is seen as an enemy, destroyed, bones fuse, hurts in morning and gets better during day
Osteoarthritis
Not inflammation, better called arthroses, unilateral, feels better in mornings by and gets worse
Intervertebral joints
Symphysis: between vertebral bodies
Synovial or gliding: between articular processes
Recognize Intervertebral ligaments
“Longitudinal” - long, longitude is measurement above or below equator,
“-spinous” - associated with spine
FLAVUM
Shoulder joint
-called the glenohumoral joint (head of humerus, glenoid cavity of scapula)
-most mobile, but least stable joint
Ball-and-socket joint
Recognize shoulder ligaments and bursar
“Acromio-“ related to acromion of the scapula
“Coraco” - related to the coracoid process of humerus
“Gleno” or “humeral” - related to glenoid fossa of the humerus
“Deltoid”
“Scapular”
Elbow joint
Humero-ulnar joint: trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna (hinge joint.
Humeroradial joint: capitulation of humerus and head of radius.
Recognize elbow ligaments
“Radial” or “ulnar”
“ANNULAR”
Hip joint
-coxal joint, head of femur and acetabulum, ball-and-socket
Recognize hip ligaments
“Ilio” “femoral” “pubo” “ischio” “TERES”
Knee joint
- tibiofemoral joint
- patellarfemoral joint
Knee ligaments
- Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) attaches to anterior of the tibia, crosses with PCL
- Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) attaches to posterior of the tibia, crosses with ACL
- Medial (tibial) collateral ligament (MCL)
- Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament (LCL)
Classifications of joints - Functional classification
- Synarthrosis (immovable)
- amphiarthrosis (slightly moveable)
- diarthrosis (freely moveable)
