Artificial Selection

Question 1

Artificial selection:

Answer 1

• Selective breeding
• When humans breed organisms selectively for specific genetic traits and determine which individuals reproduce.
• Changes allele frequencies by favouring certain traits that then become more common over time

Question 2

Polymorphic

Answer 2

• A species has more than one form of phenotype

Question 3

Wild Type allele

Answer 3

• Allele coding for the most common, normal characteristic

Question 4

Mutants:

Answer 4

• When an individual has a mutation

Question 5

Problems with inbreeding?

Answer 5

• Limiting the gene pool so decrease in genetic diversity reduced the chances of a population of inbred organisms evolving and adapting to changes in their environment.
• Many genetic disorders are caused by recessive alleles. Closely related genetically similar organisms likely to have same recessive alleles. Organisms have a greater chance of being homozygous of these recessive traits and having genetic disorders.
• Less able to survive and produce two surviving offspring by themselves.

Question 6

Seed banks:

Answer 6

Keep samples of seeds from both wild types and domesticated varieties.

Question 7

Seed banks in relation to inbreeding?

Answer 7

• Alleles from gene banks used to increase genetic diversity in outbreeding.
• Breeds unrelated or distantly related varieties.
• Reduces the occurrence of homozygous recessives and increases the potential to adapt to environmental change.