Artificial Technologies - 15.3

Question 1

What does it mean to be sterile?

Answer 1

Men and women who are unable to have children

Question 2

What does it mean to be infertile?

Answer 2

Men and women who have difficulty conceiving - they have been trying for a few years but are uncessefully pregnant

Question 3

What is sign of infertility/sterility in men?

Answer 3

• Low Sperm Count
• Obstruction in epididymis and ductus deferens
• High proportion of abnormal, nonviable sperm
• Inability to achieve an erection or ejaculation

Question 4

What are signs of infertility/sterility in women?

Answer 4

• Blocked oviducts
• Failure to ovulate
• Endometriosis (tissue grows outside uterus)
• Damaged eggs

Question 5

What is Artificial Insemination?

Answer 5

When sperm is collected and concentrated then put in the vagina of a woman

Question 6

What is In vitro fertilization?

Answer 6

• Ultrasound specifies which follicle is close to maturation
• Immature egg is retrieved from follicle
• Egg is combine with sperm in glassware
• After fertilization sperm is placed in woman’s uterus

Question 7

What is Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer?

Answer 7

When the egg and sperm are brought together in the oviduct (it has a higher success rate).

Question 8

What is a surrogate mother?

Answer 8

A woman who carries the baby for the couple
* Using AI or IVF, one or both gametes from the couple can be contributed by the contracting couple

Question 9

What is superovulation?

Answer 9

The production of multiple eggs as a result of hormone treatment
* It can be used while using other reproductive technologies

Question 10

What is contraception?

Answer 10

When fertile couples want to avoid having children

Question 11

What is abstinence?

Answer 11

Avoididng sexual intercourse

Question 12

What is surgical sterilization in men?

Answer 12

Vasectomy - cutting and tying the ductus deferens

Question 13

What is surgical sterilization in women?

Answer 13

Vital litigation - cutting and tying the oviducts

Question 14

How are hormone treatments taken?

Answer 14

Orally

Question 15

What is hormone treatments?

Answer 15

When hormones are used to mimic progesterone and estrogen to inhibit the production of FSH and LH
* Prevents ovulation from happeneing

Question 16

What are more intensive hormone treatments?

Answer 16

The “Morning after pill” gives woman high doses of estrogen and progesterone
* If fertilization has occurred - it prevents the embryo from planting into the uterus

Question 17

What are physical barriers?

Answer 17

• Male and female condom (85% effective)
• Latex sponges (90% effective)

Question 18

What are chemical barriers?

Answer 18

• Contraceptive sponges (70 -70% effective)
• Spermicides - jellies, foams, creams - (75%)

Question 19

What is natural family planning

Answer 19

*Couples refraining from sex when woman is on cycle
* She is most fertile (week before ovulation to day or two afterwards)

Question 20

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