ASD/AVSD

Question 1

Secumdum ASD

Answer 1

defect in the atrial septum involving the foramen ovale

Question 2

Atrial septal defect murmu

Answer 2

1. ejection systolic mumur in upper left sternal edge - due to increased flow across the pulmonary valve
2. fixed and widely split second heart sound

Question 3

Investigations of ASD

Answer 3

1. Septum secumdum ASD -
   - Partial right bundle branch block (common in young children)
   - Right axis deviation due to right ventricular enlargement

Question 4

Atrial septal defect presentation and when?

Answer 4

1. Commonly asysmptomatic
2. Present at 5 years with incidental murmur
3. Recuurent chest infections and arrythmias

Question 5

Atrioventricular septal defect

Answer 5

non fusion of the endocardial cushion - abnormalities of the AV valves

Question 6

What increases the risk of AVSD?

Answer 6

Increased incidence in Trisomy 21

Question 7

Presentation of AVSD

Answer 7

1. Cyanosis at birth or heart failure within 2 -3 weeks of
   life
2. Recurrent lower respiratory tract infections
3. Increased effort of breathing and crackles on auscultation

Question 8

Ix in AVSD

Answer 8

Cardiomegaly, plethoric lung fields and heart failure