ASDs

Question 1

An ASD begins as a shunt from the ____ to ____ side.

Answer 1

Left, Right

Question 2

WIth an ASD, eventually, the pressure in the _____ & ____ increase.

Answer 2

Right Atrium, Right Ventricle

Question 3

With an ASD, The gradual increase in pressure on the _____ side of the heart will lead to ____ ____.

Answer 3

Right, Pulmonary Hypertension

Question 4

Effects on the right heart due to ASD:

Answer 4

1. RV wall thickens
2. RV hyperdynamic
3. Increased pulmonary vascular resistance
4. vessels thicken and constrict

Question 5

The most common ASD is:

Answer 5

Ostium Secundum

Question 6

Cause of Ostium Secundum:

Answer 6

1. Fenestrations which form the osmium secundum in fetal development never stop / exaggeration of the osmium secundum in fetal development
2. Interatrial septum doesn’t form

Question 7

Sinus Venosus is an ____.

Answer 7

Atrial Septal Defect

Question 8

Cause of Sinus Venosus:

Answer 8

1. Truncus never positioned over the common atrium in fetal development
2. sinus venosus never moved up in fetal development

Question 9

Ostium Primum is considered an ____ ____ ____.

Answer 9

Endocardial Cushion Defect

Question 10

Cause of Ostium Primum:

Answer 10

Endocardial cushions do not meet in fetal development

Question 11

Clinical findings of ASDs:

Answer 11

• Shortness of breath
• Venous dissension of the neck veins (venous congestion)
• Signs of right heart failure

Question 12

Ostium Secundum is located in the ____ of the septum.

Answer 12

middle

Question 13

Ostium Secundum is considered open communication between the ____ and ____ Atria.

Answer 13

right, left

Question 14

Septal occluders have an ____ rim and a ____ rim.

Answer 14

atrial, aortic

Question 15

if ASDs are too big, they cannot be closed with a septal occluder. The limit is ____ cm.

Answer 15

3.2 cm

Question 16

Septal occluders grip to the ____ and become ____.

Answer 16

myocardium, endothelialized

Question 17

Sinus Venosus is very ____ in the atrial septum, at the level of the ____ ____ .

Answer 17

high, pulmonary veins

Question 18

Assocated lesions that occur with Sinus Venosus ASDs are:

Answer 18

• VSDs

- Abnormal pulmonary vein connection

Question 19

Surgical correction for Ostium Secundum:

Answer 19

• Surgically closed

- No septal occluder too close to the aorta

Question 20

____ ____ are usually associated with Ostium Primum ASDs

Answer 20

Membranous VSDs

Question 21

The third most common ASD is the ____ ____.

Answer 21

Common Atrium

Question 22

The Common Atrium means there is no ____ ____.

Answer 22

Atrial Septum

Question 23

Surgical correction for the Common Atrium:

Answer 23

• surgically repaired

- a new septum is created using grafts, patches or pericardium

Question 24

Eisenmenger’s Physiology means:

Answer 24

The right heart has developed left heart pressures, and is usually higher than the left heart. Patient usually requires a full heart and lung transplant.

Question 25

X-Ray findings suggesting ASD:

Answer 25

Signs of pulmonary congestion, dilated right heart and pulmonary infiltrates, and dilated pulmonary artery.

Question 26

How does the ASD affect the right heart?

Answer 26

- dilates the right atrium - dilates the right ventricle - increase in volume - increase in pressure - tricuspid regurge - PHTN - venous congestion