Asia

Question 1

Answer 1

Asian scholars maintain that Asians are racially different to other humans. The basis for this is Peking Man, who was excavated in 1927, and found to be form around 750,000BC, but was destroyed in WWII.

Question 2

Answer 2

Denisovan cave - bones found here proved there were separate human species in Siberia. Some asians have Denisovan DNA, providing a basis for chinese theory. 40,000 BP

Question 3

Answer 3

Red Deer cave skull- The Red Deer Cave People were the most recent known prehistoric population that do not resemble modern humans. Fossils between 14,500 and 11,500 years old were found

Question 4

Answer 4

Plant remains are recovered and seperated from the soil using flotation to understand the development of agriculture and state formation

Question 5

Answer 5

Plant domestication was independently invented. In China this focused on rice and millet, the remains of which are occasionally found today, preserved through arid conditions.

Question 6

Answer 6

Millet and Rice domestication took place in separate areas- Millet in the Steppe area and Rice in the Yaghtzee River

Question 7

Answer 7

Wild rice to domesticated rice: Oryza rufipogon - a perennial of permanent pools

Domesticated in the Yangtze, c. 5000 BCE to: Oryza japonica Oryza nivara - an annual grass on monsoon-filled seasonal puddles

Hybridised with O. japonica in Northern India, c. 2500 BC to: Oryza indica

Question 8

Answer 8

Wild rice and domesticated rice, and characteris*c spikelets, recovered from flota*on

Question 9

Answer 9

Tianluoshan (c.5000–4200 BC) after the 2007 excavations by the Zhejiang Province Institute of Archaeology - the earliest evidence of domesticated rice

Question 10

Answer 10

The eariieist paddy fields? Caoxieshan (Jiangsu, China), excavated by Suzhou Museum in 2008-

Question 11

Answer 11

Peiligang culture c. 7000 -5000 BC

Question 12

Answer 12

Yangshao culture, c 5000 – 3000 BC-

Question 13

Answer 13

Jiangzhai Neolithic Settlement - Enclousures for stock and storage pits for grain. 5000-4000 BC.

Question 14

Answer 14

Longshan culture, c 3000 – 2000 BC - Jade wares, burnished fine wares, very sophisticated pottery

Question 15

Answer 15

Jiahu culture 7000 BC, psuedoalphabets?

Question 16

Answer 16

Eleven characters found at Dinggong in Shandong, China on a pobery sherd, Longshan culture, 3000 BC

Question 17

Answer 17

Bronze Age Dynastic China Xia Dynasty c. 2070 – 1600 BC Linked possibly to the Eritou culture….-

Question 18

Answer 18

Xia culture - 21st to 16th century BC

Question 19

Answer 19

Shang Dynasty (c. 1600 – 1100 BC)

Question 20

Answer 20

Early and Middle Shang culture- 16th -13th century BC

Question 21

Answer 21

Wang Yirong was a director of the Chinese Imperial Academy, best known as the first to recognize that the symbols inscribed on oracle bones were an early form of Chinese writing.

Question 22

Answer 22

Inscribed ox scapula (c. 1200 BC) and Oracle-bone inscription (c. 1200 BC) showing early chinese characters

Question 23

Answer 23

Western Zhou Dynasty (1046 – 711 BC)

• The Shang had been weaken by constant warfare with neighbours
• Succession of new line of rulers from a nomadic tribe in the west
• Capital city founded in Xi’an
• The Zhou adopted much of the Shang lifestyle, technology and arts
• Adopted administrative system including feudalism
• Different religion to the Shang – warship sun and stars
• Human sacrifice was banned

Question 24

Answer 24

Eastern Zhou Dynasty (711 – 211 BC)

• Capital moved east to Honan (near modern Loyang)
• Zhou emperor lost power to feudal lords
• Arising of various states and alliances against each other
• Warfare between rival states
• By 600 BC iron was widely used
• In 400-200 BC – development of institutions to enhance the power of the central authority, which led to absolutism
• Changes in manner of warfare – used professional soldiers, army led by paid officer, decreased role of chariot

Question 25

Answer 25

Warring states period (7th century - 221 BC) - high productivity and intellectual development but society was broken down

Question 26

Answer 26

Shows the method of pottery and bronze production using sophisticated molds

Question 27

Answer 27

Qin Dynasty (221-206 BC) Qin Shi Huangdi who is guarded in his grave by the Terracota army (210-209) * the first Emperor who unified China * completely abolished feudalism and divided the empire into 36 provinces * sponsored extensive network of roads and canals to encourage trade * standardised weights, measurers and currency * constructed the Great Wall in the north * banned private weapons possession * buried scholar alive and burned books * introduced cruel punishment

Question 28

Answer 28

* Jomon pottery may be the world's oldest pottery, and dates range from 13,000 - 3000 BP in Japan * incipient Jomon pottery, with cord marking, c. 12000 – 8000 BCE

Question 29

Answer 29

Sannai Maruyama - settlement in Japan with huts and storage pits - these may also be holes which posts used to sit in. There was also signs of deliberate burial of pottery and artefacts. 3900 BCE.

Question 30

Answer 30

Reconstructed large pillar supported buildings - may have been watchtowers in Sannai Maruyama

Question 31

Answer 31

Middle Jomon vessels 2500 - 1500 BC

Question 32

Answer 32

Jomon Dogu figure c. 1000 - 300 BC Shakōki-dogū

Question 33

Answer 33

First form of currency. Spade money, 1046-245. Zhou dynasty,

Question 34

Answer 34

Human faced fish decoration bowl, 5000–4000 BC, Banpo village, Shaanxi • The Yangshao culture was a Neolithic culture that existed extensively along the Yellow River in China.

Question 35

Answer 35

• Shang dynasty - Bronze human head with gold leaf (c. 1300-1100 BC)

Question 36

Answer 36

* The Odai Yamamoto I7 * Jōmon-periodarchaeological site in Japan. * Excavations in 1998 uncovered forty-six earthenware fragments which have been dated as early as 14,500 BC (ca 16,500 BP); this places them among the earliest pottery currently known.