Assault
intentionally or recklessly cause the apprehension/fear of immediate force/ no need for contact. (S.39 Criminal Justice Act 1988)
R v Lamb (AR)
no fear=no assault (unaware of dangers of a gun)
R v Misalati (AR)
racist abuse case/ evidence of fear and violence is enough
Smith v Chief Superintendent of Woking Police Station (AR)
fear of possibility of immediate force (man in the garden)
Cunningham (MR)
intention/ recklessness = appreciated the risk and took it anyway