prolonged engagement
-investment of sufficient time collecting data to have an in depth understanding of culture, langa=uage or views of people under study
reflexivity
-awareness of biases brought to study by researcher
-involves attending continually to the researchers effect on collection, analysis and interpretation
audio recordings and verbatim interviews
-ensure to the reader the words fo participants are being reported exacrlt how they said them
-researchers are not adding to or minimizng response
saturation of data
when themes and categories are recurring and no new info can be gathered through data collection
-addition of participants to study until they obtained similar responses from all participants
data triagnulation
multiple data sources for the purpose of validating conclusions
-time - collect at different points in time
-space - collect data at multiple sites
-person - multiple perspectives of phenomena
audit trail
-systematic collection of materials that would allow an independent auditor to draw conclusions about data
method triangulation
-multiple methods of data collection
-opportunity to evaluate that the description of phenomenon is consistent and coherent
investigator triangulation
-2+ researchers for data collection, coding and analysis
triangulation purpose
-there are multiple ways to learn about truth
-overcome biases that come from single observer and single theory studies
-can also help make a more conceptualized picture of pehnomena under study
member checking
-researchers give participants feedback about emerging interpretations
-participants should have opportunity to assess and validate whether researchers interpration of their realities
disconfirming or negative cases
-purposive/theoretical sampling
-search for data that challenges categorization or explanation that emerged early in analysis
-research sear for cases that appear to disconfirm analysis
peer debriefing
-validation in face to face sessions with peers to review aspet of inquiry
thick description
-thorough vivid description of research
-context, study participant, events, experiences observed during the inquiry
researcher credibility
-researchers qualifications, experience and reflexivity
evocative writing
way of constructung research texts that conjure arouse or elicit vivd images deep meanings and intense emotions
-imagery, meaning emotion
credibility
-researchers gain credibility by establishing confidence in the truth of their findings
-creditibility is enhanced by data saturation because collecting all revelant data increases the believability of study
transferability
-transferability allows ths study dindings to be applied to other settings or groups
-through reaching data saturation researches have enoug data that others shoul dbe able to apply the data to other contexts
decision trail
-outlines the decisions the researchers made when collecting and categorizing data to improve credibility of research
authenticity
-the extent to which qualitative researchers fairly and faithfully show a range of different realities in the collection analysis and interpretation of their data
