Name the planets in the solar system and where they are located. Where is the asteroid belt?
Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune (Pluto) -*between Mars and Jupiter
What is a light year?
Distances outside our solar system. Distance light travels in one year.
Nearly 10 trillion km.
Describe the life cycle of a star. Be sure to describe the different parts. (red giant pulsar, black hole, etc).
idk
What is a solar eclipse? a lunar eclipse? How are they formed?
Solar eclipse: Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun. The moon’s shadow goes on the Earth.
-New Moon
Lunar Eclipse: Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon and Earth’s shadow passes on the moon.
-Full moon.
What is an umbra? a preumbra?
Umbra: complete, dark shadow
Preumbra: the outer shadow the moon casts.
Define rotation and revolution. What do they cause on Earth?
Rotation: Around an axis
Revolution: Around another body.
What causes tides? what are neap tides? Spring tides?
Spring tides: Occur when we have higher than usual tides and lower than usual tides.
Sun and moon alligned/parallel.
-New moon/Full mon
Neap Tides: Occur when Sun and Moon are about 90 degrees apart. Lower high tides, higher lower tides.
-Quarter moons. 2 times a month.
What causes the seasons? What are they and what is the Earth’s position in relation to the Sun?
Tilt of our axis causes seasons. Opposite seasons in northern/southern hemisphere.
- Summer: tilted toward sun—direct rays.
- Winter: tilted away—slanted rays.
- Spring/autumn: not tilted towards or away.
Describe our Sun. What is it made of? How old is it? What process goes on in its core?
- Made of hydrogen, helium, heavy elements.
- 4.6 billion years old.
core: nuclear fusion
Describe the 3 different types of galaxies. What type is our galaxy?
- Elliptical galaxies: most common, dim, difficult to see, stars crowded toward center, little gas and dust, yellow in color, small, M87
- Irregular galaxies: small and giant, contain large clouds of gas and dust, both young (blue) and old (yellow), aftermath of galactic collisions, Magellan clouds
- Spiral galaxies: bright newly formed stars, seen from great distances, spiral arms- blue stars clouds of dust, black holes, Milky way.
Describe the different phases of the moon.
- New Moon (invis)
- Waxing crescent- getting bigger
- First quarter- halt- 1/4th of the moon
- Waxing gibbous
- Full moon
- Waning gibbous
- Last (third) quarter
8 Waning crescent
What does E=mc^2 mean?
Mass and energy can change forms and are the same thing in different forms.
Describe the theory of relativity.
New theory of gravitation where gravity causes space to curve and time to slow down.
It means there’s no support force.
What is time dilation? length contraction? When do they occur?
Time dilation: time as a result of speed, stretching of time, negligible in everyday life because we don’t travel that fast.
Length contraction: Makes moving objects length shorter. Also negligible in everyday life.
–Length/time is affected more as we get closer to the speed of light.
What is the Big Bang Theory? What did it create? When did it occur?
Blah
What is the nebular theory? What does it form?
It is the modern theory to explain the formation of the solar system.
- Sun and planets formed from a cloud of gas and dust called a nebula.
- it began to condense and collapse due to gravity.
- it heated up, spun and became flattened into a disk shape.
- large clump became our sun, the smaller clumps became the planets, even smaller is the moon.
What is dark matter? dark energy? How do they influence the expansion rate of the universe?
Dark Matter:
Dark Energy:
Describe what occurs as you travel through space at speeds near the speed of light.
Length Contraction and Time dialation
