Atherosclerosis

Question 1

Define Atherosclerosis

Answer 1

Atherosclerosis is the thickening and stiffening of arteries and veins due to the build up of fats, cholesterol and other substances on the artery walls.

Question 2

When does atherosclerosis occur

Answer 2

It occurs when the blood vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients from your heart to the rest of your body become thick and stiff which restricts blood flow to organs and tissues

Question 3

What happens when this plaque build up burts (Atherosclerosis)

Answer 3

it triggers a blood clot

Question 4

What are the symptoms of atherosclerosis

Answer 4

1. Clogged arteries leading to the heart
   - chest pain/pressure
2. Clogged arteries leading to the brain
   - numbness and weakness in limbs
   - difficulty speaking
   - temporary loss of vision
   - drooping face muscles
3. Clogged arteries leading to the kidneys
   - high blood pressure
   - kidney failure

Question 5

Factors that cause artery damage

Answer 5

1. High blood pressure
2. High cholesterol
3. Smoking
4. Obesity
5. Diabetes
6. Inflammation from diseases such as lupus and arthritis

Question 6

Dietary changes to prevent and manage atherosclerosis

Answer 6

1. Eat a healthy, balanced diet
2. Maintain a healthy weight
3. Limit saturated fat and full cream dairy products
4. Limit red meat
5. Be aware of hidden fats
6. Increase soluble fibre intake

Question 7

Lifestyle changes to prevent and manage atherosclerosis

Answer 7

1. Exercise regularly
2. Stop smoking - nicotine causes blood vessels to contract
3. Reduce stress
4. Consume alcohol moderately
5. Lose extra weight and maintain a healthy weight