ATHLETIC TRAINING

Question 1

long term athlete development model 1

Answer 1

1. active start stage
   -this is children aged 0-6
   -must implement PA into everyday life
   -they focus on learning movement and taking risks in a safe environment

Question 2

LTAD: 2

Answer 2

2. FUNdamentals stage
   -where activity is fun
   learn fundamental skills like throwing, catching, kicking etc..
   -learn the ABCs of athleticism; agility, balance and co-ordination

Question 3

LTAD: 3

Answer 3

3. learn to train
   -9-11 year olds
   -see talent start to emerge
   -major skill learning stage
   -start to learn mental preparation

Question 4

LTAD: 4

Answer 4

4. train to train
   - here you train specific skills and develop your fitness and strength
   -make performance selection
   -begin training more often

Question 5

LTAD: 5

Answer 5

5. train to compete
   -training more frequently
   -constantly improving skills
   -advanced mental preparation

Question 6

LTAD: 6

Answer 6

6. train to win
   -continuously improve skills and capabilities

Question 7

growth and maturation

Answer 7

-important to identify any late or early maturers as this impacts their training patterns
-at specific points in development a person has these periods of adaptability and increased responsiveness ie; windows of trainability

Question 8

what are the windows of trainability

Answer 8

1. skill
   2.stamina
   3.strength
   4.speed
   5.suppleness

Question 9

why is the LTAD not often used

Answer 9

lacks evidence to support this model

Question 10

developmental model for sports participation

Answer 10

-this model has 2/3 stages and focuses on the following:
1. deliberate play
2. deliberate practice

Question 11

what is deliberate play

Answer 11

this is when you exercise or do physical activity for the overall health benefits it provides and because of the enjoyment and fun associated with it
-usually involves participation in several sports

Question 12

what is deliberate practice

Answer 12

this is when you partake in a sport or activity for the purpose of bettering your performance
-focus on one sport
-the outcomes of this is elite performance and overall health benefits

Question 13

what are the 3 stages of DMSP

Answer 13

1. sampling stage
   -try a whole bunch of sports for fun
   -amount of deliberate play and a low amount of deliberate practice
2. specialization stage
   -deliberate play and practice are balanced
3. investment stage
   -choose one sport and invest time and effort into it to better performance
   -all deliberate practice
   -you may be an early specializer and skip the sampling stage to go straight into the specialization stage

-or you may never enter the specialization stage and instead enter your recreational years(deliberate play)

Question 14

the pyscho behavioral model

Answer 14

this model is an extension of the DMSP as it adds a 4th stage called the maintenance stage.
-this stage focuses on the athletes ability to transition between stages and focuses on their determinates of performance and potential

Question 14

the pyscho behavioral model

Answer 14

this model is an extension of the DMSP as it adds a 4th stage called the maintenance stage.
-this stage focuses on the athletes ability to transition between stages and focuses on their determinates of performance and potential

Question 15

the bio-pyscho-social approach

Answer 15

-this is a more holistic approach that focuses on the biological, social and pyschological elements of each individual to maximise their training outcome.
-this approach depends highly on the 3 ‘worlds’ ie; the 3 potential outcomes that the athlete may want
1. PPW-participation for personal wellbeing
2. PRE-personal referenced excellence
3. ERE-elite referenced excellence

Question 16

what are the 3 biological stages that most impact your training capabilities

Answer 16

1. growth and maturation
2. neurodevelopment
3. hormonal and metabolic

Question 17

the youth physical development model

Answer 17

-just indicates how you can train all the physical elements of a child throughout their development and these elements are all adaptable at different life stages

Question 18

what is periodization

Answer 18

is it the process of systematically planning a short and long term training programme that utilizes variation in training load and includes rest and recovery
-not a robust idea

Question 19

what are the 4 stages of the GAS: the general adaptation syndrome

Answer 19

1. alarm phase- this is where your performance level declines due to fatigue in response to a training load or stressor
2. resistance phase- this is when adaptation to the training or stressor occurs so performance level increases past baseline levels
3. supercompensation- new level of performance capacity reached
4. overtraining phase-where performance continues

Question 20

the fitness fatigue paradigm

Answer 20

says that fatigue first needs to diminish before the signs of fitness can start to appear even though they occur concurrently

Question 21

what is the allostasis approach to periodization

Answer 21

allostasis suggests that in order to maintain physiological stability; an organism needs to anticipate new needs and counter them before they arise

Question 22

what does a periodization schedule look like

Answer 22

1. gradually increasing training load
2. recovery and rest phases
3. designed to meet the training goal
4. skill development and refinement is emphasized throughout

Question 23

what is multifactorial periodization

Answer 23

-periodization of training load
-dietary periodization
-skill periodization
-recovery periodization

Question 24

what are internal measures of training load

Answer 24

1. heart rate 2. oxygen uptake 3. perception of effort 4. muscle and joint load

Question 25

what are external measures of training load

Answer 25

1. training time 2. training duration 3.training frequency 4.distance 5. power, speed and acceleration

Question 26

what are the 6 principles of training

Answer 26

SPORID 1. specificity -you will see adaptation in the muscle groups you are specifically training 2. progression- to see progression you need to gradually increase the training load 3. overload- to achieve adaptation you need to work against a load that is greater than that to which you are accustomed 4.reversibility- if a person is deprived of training for a period of time they will not be able to maintain the adaptations 5.individuality- each person responds differently to a training load 6. diminishing returns- as a person reaches their genetic capacity it becomes more difficult to see gains in performance/harder to obtain

Question 27

3 types of muscle action

Answer 27

1. concentric 2. eccentric 3.isometric

Question 28

concentric muscle action

Answer 28

this is when the muscle shortens -because the contractile force is greater than the resistive force -so the force in the muscle overpowers the external forces ie; lifting a weight/swimming

Question 29

eccentric muscle contractions

Answer 29

the muscle lengthens -because the resistive force against the muscle is greater than the contractile force of the muscle -so the external force overpowers the force in the muscle -this eccentric muscle action allows the weight to be put down slowly instead of gravity pulling it down with speed

Question 30

isometric muscle action

Answer 30

this is when the muscle length remains constant ie; no change -because the resistive forces equal the contractile forces -forces in the muscle equal the external fores eg; abdominal muscles during sitting up straight

Question 31

what is a closed kinetic chain exercise

Answer 31

-this is exercise where the distal joint segment is stationary ie; the ankle joints during squats -provides a platform on which the movement can be performed -this provides joint stability

Question 32

what is a open kinetic chain exercise

Answer 32

-where the distal joint segment is free to move eg; in leg extensions -this allows for greater focus on an isolated muscle group

Question 33

combined closed and open kinetic chain exercises

Answer 33

example can be sprinting -this is when the one extremity remains on the ground(closed kinetic chain) and the other is raised in the air(open kinetic chain exercise)