Law of the conservation of mass
Matter is neither created nor destroyed in the course of a chemical reaction
Atomic number
The number of protons in the nucleus of that atom
Mass number
The sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom
Isotopes
Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
Relative atomic mass
The average mass of an atom of an element relative to 1/12 the mass of an atom of carbon-12