What is the basic unit of a chemical element?
Atom
What does the atomic number tell us about an atom?
Number of protons
Which is equal to the number of electrons in a neutral atom
What is a ‘group’ on the periodic table?
A column of atoms that have similar valence electron sturcutres
What does it mean for an atom to be electronegative?
The “want” to accept electrons
Halogens are very electronegative
What are 2 types of forces between atoms?
Attractive forces and Repulsive forces
When is the equillibrium state between 2 atoms reached?
At a distance where the attractive forces and repulsive forces are equal and opposite
What are 3 types of Primary bonds
Ionic, covalent, and metallic
What is the difference between primary and secondary bonds?
Primary bonds involve interactions between valence electrons of atoms whereas secondary bonds form from weaker atomic dipoles
2 types of secondary bonds
Van der Waals
Hydrogen bonds
Summarize ionic bonds
Metal and non metal
Metal transfers electron to non metal
Non directional (equal magnitude in all directions)
Summarize covalent bonds
Non metal elements that share valence electrons
Can vary in strengths
Directional bonds are formed
Summarize Metallic Bonds
Formed with metals and alloys
Metals give valence electrons to a shared sea of electrons
Non directional
Describe Van der Waals bonds
Pretty much just random dipoles that form when electrons move around.
More electrons=stronger bonds
Describe Hydrogen Bonds
Only occurs between hydrogen and FON (fluorine, oxygen, and nitrogen)
Strongest type of secondary bonds
Formed bc hydrogen is hydrogen
