What are the 3 types of particles that make up an atom?
Electrons, neutrons, and protrons.
Where are protons, neutrons, and electrons found?
Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of an atom, and electrons move around the outside of the nucleus.
What is the mass of protons, electrons, and neutrons?
Protons and neutrons have a mass of 1 atomic unit & electrons have no mass at all.
What charge do protons, neutrons, and electrons have?
Protons are positively charged, neutrons have no charge, and electrons have a negative charge
How many protons are in an atom of there are 8 electrons?
There are 8 protons because each atom had the same number of protons.
8 protons = 8 positive charges
8 electrons = 8 negative charges
What do protons determine?
They determine the type of the atom.
How do you find electrons?
Electrons are the same as protons (atomic mass - atomic # = protons)
What is an atom?
The smallest component of an element. Made up of three types of particles.
What three people created the atomic theories?
Aristotle, Democritus, and atomos.
What is democritus’ theory?
Democritus’ theory was that:
- matter could not be divided into smaller pieces for ever
- eventually an invisible piece will be obtained
What was atomos’ theory?
Atomos’ theory was that:
- atoms were infinite in number
- always moving and capable of joining together.
- (buried for 2000 years)
What was aristotle’s theory?
Aristotle’s theory was:
- the earth, fire, water, and air approach to matter.
- the atoms idea was buried for approximately 2000 years.
What maximum number occupies the first electron orbital?
2 electrons
What maximum number occupies the second & third electron orbital?
8 electrons
How do you calculate the number of protons?
The number of protons is the same as the atomic number number
How do you find the number of neutrons?
Atomic mass - atomic number = neutrons
How do you find the number of electrons?
Same as protons (atomic number)
What is an ion?
An ion is an atom that has an electric charge
What is a positive ion called?
A positive ion is called a cation
What is a negative ion called?
An anion.
What is an ionic bond?
- between a metal and a non-metal
- the transfer of valence electrons
- (high melting & boiling point)
- (solid @ room temperature)
What is a covalent bond?
- between 2 non-metals
- the sharing of valence electrons
- (liquid or gas @ room temperature)
- low melting and boiling points
