ATP

Question 1

why is energy important

Answer 1

Plants need energy for things like active transport, DNA replication, cell division and protein synthesis
Animals need energy for things like active transport, DNA replication, cell division and protein synthesis

Question 2

Adenosine triphosphate

Answer 2

plant and animals release energy from glucose = respiration. a cell cant get its energy directly from glucose, in respiration, the energy released from glucose is used to make ATP
ATP is made from the nucleotide base adenine, combined with a ribose sugar and three phosphate groups. Its a nucleotide derivative because its a modified form of nucleotide.
once made, ATP diffuses to the part of the cell that needs energy. The energy in ATP is stored in high energy bonds between phosphate groups, its released via hydrolysis reactions.
adenine + ribose = adenosine

Question 3

making and using ATP

Answer 3

when energy is needed by cell, ATP is broken into ADP and P. this is a hydrolysis reaction. a phosphate bond is broken and energy is released. The reaction is catalysed by the enzyme ATP hydrolase.
ATP hydrolysis can be ‘coupled’ to other energy-requiring reactions in the cell - this means the energy released can be used directly to make the couple reaction happen, rather than being lost as heat.
The released inorganic phosphate can also be used- added to another compound, which often makes the compound more reactive.
ATP can be resynthesized in a condensation reaction between ADP and P. happens in respiration and photosynthesis, catalysed by enzyme ATP synthase

Question 4

Five roles of ATP

Answer 4

Metabolic processes - energy needed to build macromolecules
Movement - energy for muscle contraction
Active transport - energy to allow molecules or ions to move against their concentration gradient
Secretion - energy to form lysosomes for secretion of cell products
Activation of molecules - the phosphate released when ATP is hydrolysed can be used for phosphorylate other compounds