Chemiosmosis
Movement of protons down their concentration gradient through ATP Synthase to catalyse the phosphorylation of ADP into ATP.
What is the direction of the proton gradient in chloroplasts
High conc in the thylakoid space, low conc in the stroms
What is the direction of the proton gradient in mitochondria
High conc in the intermembrane space, low conc in the matrix
How is the proton gradient established for chemiosmosis
Transfer of high energy e- along the e- transport chain in the thylakoid membrane/ inner membrane releases energy for the active transport of protons through the membrane against their conc grad.
Where are the high energy e- from in mitochondria
The reduction of coenzymes NAD and FAD in aerobic respiration
Where are the high energy e- from in chloroplasts
When photons of light energy excite chlorophyll molecules in photosynthesis
Name of the carrier protein that transports H+
Proton Pump
