Attachment

Question 1

What is attachment?

Answer 1

• Defines as a warm relationship with important individuals

Question 2

What can attachment do for us?

Answer 2

• Negative and positive influences
  Pleasurable and joyful experiences
  Support

Question 3

How early can you see signs of attachment?

Answer 3

• Infants 6-12 months
  Happiness seeing attachment figure
  Seeks comfort, anxious or afraid

Question 4

John Bowlbys model on attachment

Answer 4

-Emphasis on childs emotional connection to caregivers as a developed response crucial for survival (evolutionary view)
Sense of security
Ability to form trusting relationships
- 4 distinct phases in developing attachment

Question 5

Preattachment phase

Answer 5

• Birth to 6 weeks
• Cry, smiling, grasping, gaze to come closer to other humans
• Infants are capable of recognizing voice, smell and face of mothers
• Not attached, dont mind unfamiliar adults

Question 6

Attachment in-the-making phase

Answer 6

• 6 weeks to 6-8 months
• Different reaction to their familiar caregiver compared to stranger
• Positive emotions near familiar caregiver
• Develop a sense of trust, realizing their own actions influence behaviour of others
• Not attached, dont mind strangers or separation

Question 7

Clear-cut Attachment Phase

Answer 7

• 6 months up to 2 years
• Clear separation anxiety from caregiver
  Not always present - culture & temperament
• React to caregivers attempt to leave

Question 8

Formation of Reciprocal Relationships Phase

Answer 8

• 18 months and onward
• Child gets better at predicting when parents are leaving and returning
  Alongside language skills and representational capacities
• Separating protest decreases, in negotioation with caregiver

Question 9

Formation of Reciprocal Relationships Phase

Answer 9

• 18 months and onward
• Child gets better at predicting when parents are leaving and returning
  Alongside language skills and representational capacities
• Separating protest decreases, in negotiation with caregiver

Question 10

Whats the outcome of the four phases?

Answer 10

• Develop different types of attachment styles
• Hopefully positive experiences
• Guideline for future relationships

Question 11

Secure Attachment

Answer 11

• Parents as a secure base for infant
• May show signs of anxiety during separation, seek more contact
• Prefer caregiver over stranger

Question 12

Avoidant Attachment

Answer 12

• Unresponsive to parent
• Usually no signs of anxiety with separation
• Same reaction to parent and stranger
• Avoid or slow to connect with caregiver during reunion

Question 13

Resistant Attachment

Answer 13

• Often close to parents, dont explore surroundings
• Usually signs of anxiety with separation
• Same reaction to parent and stranger
• Avoid or slow to connect with caregiver dring reunion

Question 14

Disorganized Attachment

Answer 14

• Greatest insecurity
• During reunion , child;
  Dont look at parent while being hold
  Display stunned/frozen facial expression when approaching caregiver

Question 15

What can influence attachment?

Answer 15

• SES status
• Child maltreatment
• Maternal depression
• Poor family functioning
• Culture
  Values and beliefs, patterns may not be universal
• Parenting style
• Adopted
• Family circumstances
• Parental own internal attachment model
• Childs temperament (mixed findings)

Its an outcome of reciprocal relationship!