Attachments AO3

Question 1

Learning Theory Evaluation?

4

Answer 1

+ EVIDENCE:
~ Pavlov, Skinner

• CONTRADICTORY EVIDENCE:
  ~ Harlow (contact comfort)
• Responsiveness > Food:
  ~ Schaffer and Emerson suggest this.
  ~ Mixed evidence…
• Reductionist:
  ~ stimuli - response; misses out nature, cognition..
  ~ Only observable feats considered.
  NOT HOLISTIC.

Question 2

Evaluation on IWM?

4

Answer 2

+ LONGITUDINAL STUDY:
~ Simpson: 20-23 years - correlation of attachment type and adulthood relationships/ childhood social competence.

• COUNTER EVIDENCE:
  ~ Zimmerman: other life events affect future relationships.
• RETROSPECTIVE DATA:
  ~ Recollection to childhood difficult.
• SOCIAL DESIRABILITY BIAS
  ~in Hazan and Shaver’s love quiz

Question 3

Bowlby’s Monotropic Theory Evaluation?

4

Answer 3

+ EVIDENCE: Innate mechanisms.
~ Lorenz

+ APPLICATION:
~ Critical period; sensitivity in day-cares.

• EVIDENCE AGAINST MONOTROPY:
  ~ Schaffer & Emerson; only 1/2 sample formed monotropic attachment to mother.
• REDUCTIONIST:
  ~ Child’s temperament affects future relationships too.

Question 5

Institutionalisation Evaluation?

5, 2 pairs of countering evaluations

Answer 5

+ APPLICATION:
~ fewer caregivers, more keyworkers.

+ Longitudinal Study:
~ LT Effects

• Longitudinal Study:
  ~ Attrition affects validity.

+ Natural Exp:
~ High Eco validity.

• Natural Exp:
  ~ Extraneous variables not controlled.

Question 6

Strange Situation/Types of Interactions Evaluation?

4

Answer 6

+ Methodology/Evidence (Scroufe):
~ Popularity at school.

• Low Eco Validity/ Evidence (Bronfenbenner)
  ~ Artificial: Demand characteristics
• Low Int Validity: Mothers - Evaluation Apprehension
• Low Cultural Validity:
  ~ Ethnocentric/American Standard.

Question 7

Bowlby’s Maternal Deprivation Evaluation?

4

Answer 7

+ EVIDENCE:
~ Robertson filmed 2yr old Lauren crying to go home from hospital.

+ APPLICATION:
~ Substitute care at hospital.

• EVIDENCE:
  ~ Lewis: replication with larger sample - no correlation found.
• INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES:
  ~ Barrett reviewed studies - secure coped well, insecure didn’t.

Question 8

Animal Studies Evaluation?

4

Answer 8

+ Guiton: EVIDENCE
~ Chicks + rubber glove

+ APPLICATION:
~ Harlow’s study - importance of emotional care - helps social workers w/ child abuse/neglect.

• EXTRAPOLATION:
  ~ humans and animals different - conscious decisions…
• ETHICAL ISSUES:
  ~ LT psychological damage.