Who is often referred to as the primary caregiver?
The Mother
What are the 4 stages of attachment + how old is the infant during each one?
Asocial - Birth-6 weeks
Indiscriminate - 6 weeks-6 months
Specific - 7 months +
Multiple - 10/11 months +
What was the aim of Harlow (1958)s experiment?
To investigate whether food or comfort was more important in forming a bond
What does bowlby’s ASCMI stand for?
Adaptive
Social Releasers
Critical Period
Monotropic
Internal Working Model
What is the definition of Privation?
When there is a loss of emotional care normally provided by a primary caregiver
What is the definition of Privation?
When there is a loss of emotional care normally provided by a primary caregiver
What is the definition of Deprivation
When an attachment bond has never been formed
Seperation
When the child is not in the presence of the primary care giver
Define:
Separation Anxiety
+
Stranger Anxiety
Separation Anxiety: Affraid of being away from a parent
Stranger Anxiety: Being afraid of a stranger
What are the 4 stages of attachment?
Asocial
Indiscriminate
Specific
Multiple
What is the ASOCIAL stage of attachment?
Infants produce similar responses to objects and humans
+
Towards the End of the stage the infant will show preference towards the human
What is the INDISCRIMINATE stage of attachment?
Lasts from 6 weeks to 6 months
+
Infant clearly shows a preference to humans
+
Smile more at people they know
+
Don’t show Separation Anxiety and Stranger Anxiety
+
Will still allow other adults to handle the,
What is the SPECIFIC stage of attachment?
Lasts from 7 Months +
+
Infant displays anxiety towards strangers
+
Becomes anxious when separated from one particular person then happy when they return
+
Child forms a specific attachment with the person the infant has had the most meaningful interaction with
What is the MULTIPLE stage of attachment
Begins at 10/11 Months +
+
Infant develops multiple attachment
+
75% of kids have multiple attachments within a year
+
Fear of strangers weakens
+
Attachment to primary attachment figure remind the same
What was the aim of Lorenz’s animal study (1935)?
Investigate the mechanisms of imprinting
+
What was the procedure of Lorenz’s animal study?
Split a large group of goose eggs into 2 groups
+
One group was hatched with the mother, the other group was incubated by Lorenz
+
Baby geese were marked to tell between the natural and incubated geese
+
Placed them all under a box then removed it and recorded their behaviour
What we’re the findings of Lorenz’s study (1935)
Naturally birthed Geese followed the natural mother
+
Incubated geese followed Lorenz
+
After the upturned box was removed the same behaviour occurred with the incubated geese following Lorenz and the natural geese following the goose
+
Incubated geese showed no bond to their natural mother
What was the conclusion of Lorenz’s animal study (1935)
Goslings are programmed to imprint on the first moving object they see
+
Animal formation of attachment is rapid
What was the aim of Harlow’s Monkeys (1958)
To investigate whether food or comfort was more important when forming a bond
What was the procedure of Harlow’s Monkeys (1958)
16 Baby Monkeys were used
+
Baby Monkeys were reared with 2 wire ‘mothers’ one had cloth on it and the other didn’t but dispensed milk
What were the findings of Harlow’s Monkeys (1958)?
When frightened the Baby Monkey would go to the cloth mother regardless of which ‘mother’ dispensed milk
+
Baby Monkeys had a preference towards the cloth mother
+
Contact comfort was more important to a monkey than food when it came to attachment behaviour
What are the 5 factors in Bowlby’s Monotropic Theory?
Adaptive
Social Releasers
Critical Period
Monotropic
Internal Working Model
What are social releasers?
Innate behaviours that activate the adult attachment system (Makes an adult feel love towards the baby)
Eg: Laughing, Smiling, Cooing, gripping
What is the Critical Period?
2 Year period where the infant attachment system is active
If the child will find it much harder to form an attachment after these 2 years
