what was lorenz’s procedure?
randomly split geese eggs,half to him and incubate and half to the mother
what where lorenz’s findings?
control followed their mother and experimental followed him
what is the critical period?
13-16hrs (geese)
what was harlow’s procedure?
two wire monkeys, one with cloth , one without but dispensed food. 8 baby monkeys observed over 165 days
what were Harlow’s findings?
all 8 monkeys spent majority of time with cloth mother and when scared or exploring
what was Harlows conclusion?
a critical period of 3 months for reversing abnormal behaviours when reunited with other monkeys
what is Bowlby’s monotropic attachment theory?
that imprinting is a two way process to survive in the wild
what is ASCMI? ( how attchments form)
adaptive- adaptive advantage , having an attachment to a caregiver means infants have food and protection
social releasers- things encouraging mothering tendancies (crying,baby face)
critical period- 6mnths-2.5yrs
monotropy- believed that infants form 1 special attachment with the mother
internal working model- mental schema for relationships based from relationship to mother leading to the continuity hypothesis
what was Bowlby’s theory of maternal deprivation?
Bowlby thought that a failure to initiate a maternal attachment would lead to serious negative consequences like delinquencey , increased aggression and depression
what where the findings of the strange situation?
70% secure
15% resistant
15% avoidant
what 3 things was the strange situation exploring?
separation anxiety
stranger anxiety
reunion behaviour
what was Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenburg’s procedure for cultural variations?
meta analysis on the mother-infant relationship and classify into secure,avoidant,resistant
what where Ijzendoorn and Kroonenburg’s findings for cultural variations?
similarities- secure is most common , there is a bigger difference within cultures than between them
differences- avoidant most common is west germany , israel resistant is more common
what was the procedure of the 44 thieves study?
88 children- 44 where juvenile thieves , 44 control
children had iq’s tested, parents did a repot in history and bowlbys interviewed
what where the findings of the 44 thieves study?
5 children mild depression
2 low IQ
others severe depression
32% affection less psychopaths
86% of them had had prolonged separation from mothers before 5yrs old
what was the procedure of the ERA project?
-165 romanian orphans
-control group of 52 british children adopted before 6 months old
-111 were adopted before 2 years old
-tested for emotional and cognitive development every few years
what were the findings of the ERA project?
-when adopted all R children were behind uk children in all development
-earlier adoption quicker catching up to uk kids
- by 4 half were intellectually delayed
- disinhibited attachment
-poor growth
-quasi autism
what was Hazan and Shaver’s procedure looking into the influence of early attachment?
- questionnaire of 100 q’s in Rocky mountain
-asking about current and childhood attachment types - asked about attitudes towards love
what were Hazan and Shaver’s findings for influence of early attachment?
prevalence of 3 attachment styles same in adult and childhood (showing IWM has lifelong affect)
-56% secure attachments
-19% insecure resistant
-25% insecure avoidant
what was the Minnesota study? (2005)
followed people form infancy to late adolesence and found link between early attachment and later social behaviour
-secure attached children rated high for social competance, less isolated
