attitudes

Question 1

what is an attitude

Answer 1

a value aimed at an attitude object
- ideas charged with emotion that produces behaviour to a specific situation

Question 2

what are attitudes

Answer 2

• unstable
• learned
• can be changed
• directed towards an attitude object
• cognitive thoughts
• emotional feelings
• behavioural responses

Question 3

how is an attitude formed

Answer 3

through socialisation

Question 4

what is socialisation

Answer 4

process where cultural values are learnt by associating with others

Question 5

how do we learn from significant others

Answer 5

when the information is reinforced or repeated

Question 6

how can it be negative

Answer 6

if the behaviour learnt is negative or if the reinforcement is negative- e.g. praise for cheating behaviour

Question 7

how are they conditioned

Answer 7

by behaviour that is successful and reinforced- e.g. praise will develop a positive attitude between coach and player

Question 8

what are the three parts of the triadic model

Answer 8

cognitive= your beliefs, knowledge and thoughts, e.g. belief in exercise benefits, ability to win the game
affective= your feelings or emotional responses, e.g. enjoying training
behavioural= your actions or intended behaviour e.g. training 3 times a week

Question 9

positive attitudes

Answer 9

• learned from role models
• learned from enjoyable experiences
• learned from beliefs
• learned from influence of significant others
• learned by conditioned behaviour
• familiarisation= day to day experiences

Question 10

what are the 2 concepts of attitude change

Answer 10

• cognitive dissonance
• persuasive communication

Question 11

cognitive dissonance

Answer 11

• new info given to the performer to cause unease and motivate change
• dissonance= create some conflict in the player; is settled when attitudes are aligned and conflict resolved

Question 12

what different ways can cognitive dissonance be used

Answer 12

• giving new info to promote a person to question their current behaviour and motivate change= coach may talk about a new method of training or type of strategy to challenge their current thinking
• making activity fun or varying practice to try and change opinion
• using rewards to promote positive behaviour
• bring in a specialist role model from another area to promote the topic

Question 13

process of cognitive dissonance

Answer 13

• cognitive = give new info
  affective = create new emotions
  behavioural = give success

Question 14

what is persuasive communication

Answer 14

can be talked around but is hard if core beliefs are stable making people resilient to change

Question 15

what has to be done for persuasive communication to work

Answer 15

• message understood
• quality new info
• timing of message is important
• new info should outweigh old beliefs
• message should be given to someone of high status or role model to have an effect
• individual may be resistant to change

Question 16

how can negative attitudes be changed to positive attitudes

Answer 16

• persuasion from a perceived expert
• making it fun when training
• allowing early success
• using positive reinforcement and rewards
• pointing out the benefits of exercise
• using role models
  -cognitive dissonance

Question 17

how could a pe teacher change the negative attitude that a pupil may have towards swimming

Answer 17

• educate pupil about benefits of swimming
• use cognitive dissonance theory
• persuasive communication from a significant other
• set achievable goals to ensure pupil achieves success
• offer rewards
• familiarise with role models from within the sport of swimming
• use floats to make execution of stroke easier
• attribution retraining

Question 18

when is good timing for persuasive communication

Answer 18

after a loss or bad performance as the player is already beginning to realise something needs to change