how are attitudes formed? (6)
- experiences
- school
- socialisation
- culture
- social class
- media
define prejudice
a preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience
define stereotyping
a fixed, over generalised belief about a particular group or class of people
how can school form an attitude?
- sport is used as a punishment which creates a negative attitude
- creates opportunities - range of sports/participation and enjoyment
how can experiences form an attitude?
- injury
- success
- positive experience = positive effect on attitude
- negative experience = negative effect on attitude
how can socialisation form an attitude?
- family
- experiences of others
- attitudes of other people
- doing it with friends can create a positive attitude
- sense of community
how can culture form an attitude?
- stereotypes
- countries involvement (banned sport)
- women involvement
how can social class form an attitude?
- confidence
- acception
- knowledge of sport (more knowledge = more confident attitude)
how can media form an attitude?
- role models
- how it’s portrayed online will affect your attitude towards it
- amount of coverage
- what the coverage is
what is the impact of a positive attitude?
- increased participation
- take more leadership roles
- more competitive
- view sport as essential and a factor of happiness (value sport)
- positive attitude towards other sports
- believes sport promotes health
- has a positive physical self concept
what is the impact of a negative attitude?
- lower expectation
- don’t care if you lose
- see sport as ‘just a game’
- don’t try
- low self-efficacy
- had negative experiences
- find sport boring
- have a lifestyle which makes regular sport difficult
what is the model called for attitudes?
triadic model
what are the 3 components of the triadic model?
affective
behavioural
cognitive
give an example affective
sport is boring
give an example of behavioural
don’t participate in any sport/avoid it
give an example of cognitive
don’t value sport/understand the need
what are the 2 theories to change an attitude?
- cognitive dissonance theory
- persuasive combination theory
explain cognitive dissonance theory
if 2 attitudes oppose each other it results in conflict. this produces emotional discomfort which is called dissonance. in order to change an attitude we need to create dissonance
how do you change affective in CDT?
provide a positive new experience
how do you change cognitive in CDT?
provide new knowledge or update knowledge
how you change behavioural in CDT?
- simplify a skill to make a higher chance of success
- provide success and enjoyment
explain persuasive communication theory
changing an attitude through persuasive communication. the message must be accurate, clear, easily understood and unambiguous
what are the 4 key points to PCT?
persuader
message
recipient
situation
examples of the persuader
significant other
role model
authoritative figure
parent/coach/teacher
