Define Attribution.
A perception of the reason for an outcome of an event.
What are the Internal and External Factors?
Internal:
- ability.
- effort.
External:
- task difficulty.
- luck.
What are the Stable and Unstable Factors?
Stable:
- ability.
- task difficulty.
Unstable:
- effort.
- luck.
Define Locus of Causality.
Reason / Cause for loss / win.
Define Locus of Stability.
How changeable to reasons for winning / losing
What are the positives of Attribution?
- helps with task persistence.
- increased motivation.
- increases confidence.
- bring satisfaction.
What are the negatives of Attribution?
- cause players to stop trying.
- decreases motivation.
- decreases confidence.
- reduces satisfaction.
Define Self-Serving Bias.
Using external and/or unstable reasons for losing.
Why use Self-Serving Bias?
- helps promote self esteem / confidence
- helps players understand that defeat can be changed or because it wasn’t their fault
- promotes task persistence
Define Learned Helplessness.
Using internal stable trains for losing, performer believing failure is inevitable.
Characteristics of Learned Helplessness.
- self doubt , lack of belief in ability.
- low confidence.
- blame losing on internal reasons.
- believe success is unlikely.
- unrealistic goals set by coach.
- may lead to giving up.
What are the types of Learned Helplessness?
Specific - to one sport or skill
General - no good at any sports
Define Attribution Retraining.
Changing the reasons given for success or failure from negative ones to positive.
How can a coach help to overcome Learned Helplessness?
- provide motivation via reinforcement
- highlight previous success
- allow success by achievable goals
- improve confidence
Define Mastery Orientation.
State of Mind where:
- believe in their ability
- believe that success can be repeated
- failure is temporarily and changeable
State the Mastery Orientation models.
high confidence > success or correct attributions for failure > confidence enhanced > mastery orientation
high confidence > bad experience/ wrong attributions > confidence lowered > possible learned helplessness > general / specific
