44 BC
March 15 - assassination of Julius Caesar.
43 BC
May - Octavian arrives in Rome and meets with Antony.
42 BC
Julius Caesar’s comet appears during the games in honour of Venus. Interpreted as a sign of Julius Caesar’s deification.
The Senate declares war against Antony.
April 21 - Octavian fights alongside the consuls Hirtius and Pansa against Antony at the Battle of Mutina.
Octavian marches on Rome.
August 19 - Octavian becomes consul following the deaths of both Hirtius and Pansa.
November 27
The Lex Titia is passed, which legitimised the Second Triumvirate and gave them extraordinary powers.
The Second Triumvirate’s campaign of proscriptions begins.
January 1 - Julius Caesar proclaimed a god.
October 23
Octavian and Antony avenge Julius Caesar’s assassins at the Battle of Philippi.
The Second Triumvirate sieze land across Italy to give to their war veterans.
November 16 - Tiberius is born.
The orator Cicero delivers a series of speeches against Antony known as the Philippics.
Some of these speeches champion Octavian as an ally of the Republic.
Aureus, obv. bare head of Octavian, rev. Head of Julius Caesar with laurel wreath.
41 BC
Antony meets Cleopatra at Tarsus.
Octavian fights the Perusine War against Mark Antony’s brother (Lucius Antonius) and wife (Fulvia).
Octavian orders the Temple of Divus lulius to be built in the Roman Forum.
Octavian vows to build a temple to Mars Ultor.
Propertius writes Elegies 1.22, which bemoans the destructive effect of the Perusine War on his hometown.
40 BC
The Treaty of Brundisium signed between the triumvirs.
Octavian given the western Empire to govern, Antony given the Eastern Empire to govern and Lepidus given the African provinces to govern.
Octavian orders the deaths of around 300 senators and equites who had allied with Lucius Antonius and Fulvia against him in the Perusine war.
Antony marries Octavian’s sister, Octavia.
(Continued)
