Autism Ch.5

Question 1

4. Lovaas developed the quintessential [ ]model

Answer 1

Discrete trial

Question 2

a. What age range did the Lovaas program target?
b. How many hours of intervention per week?
c. What skills did it begin with targeting?
d. How did the trial presentation look like?
e. What did they check subsequent performance?

Answer 2

a. younger than 4
b. 40 hours a week
c. imitation skills and reduction of interfering behaviors.
d. Massed trials and continued until mastery
e. Maintenance checks to ensure learned skills were not forgot.

Question 3

8. What are three concerns that question the methodological validity of these two studies?

Answer 3

a. Nonrandom assignment of children to experimental and control groups
b. Use of different measures of intelligence for different children
c. Different measures of intelligence for pre-test and post-test

Question 4

Why are some cautious about Lovaas’ conclusions

Answer 4

a. No one who has not been directly associated with Lovaas has been able to replicate his results.

Question 5

16. In addition to the number of intervention hours being an element of an intensive intervention, the positive effect of a program is more reliant on what?

Answer 5

Its behavioral emphasis

Question 6

17. When Luiselli et al. (2006) compared a 6-20 hr ABA program in children younger than 3 with those over 3, what did they find? (p. 91)

Answer 6

no significant change

Question 7

18. What are some of the variables that should be considered when programming early interventions?

Answer 7

a.Number of hours, type of preschool program, level of professional involvement, amount of supervision, age of the child, and types of measurement.

Question 8

What is a good curriculum

Answer 8

One that is developmentally appropriate, well defined, and easily replicated.

Question 9

How should a good curriculum be tailored

Answer 9

on the child’s needs and making sure the prerequisite skills for future learning are in place.

Question 10

Why is it important to teach language using a play-based or naturalistic approach?

Answer 10

To address issues of generalization and spontaneity of speech

Question 11

Pivotal Response training is based on what

Answer 11

in the philosophy of earlier incidental teaching approaches

Question 12

Who cam up with the incidental teaching approaches

Answer 12

Laski, Charlop, and Schreibman 1988

Question 13

Play-based approaches are designed to enhance motivation to respond to social and non-social environmental stimuli. How do they capture motivation in a training situation?

Answer 13

By incorporating stimulus items chosen or preferred by the child into teaching opportunities.

Question 14

In contrast to DTT, how are trials presented in a play-based approach? Are attempts reinforced?

Answer 14

a. They vary stimulus material frequently throughout the session.
b. Yes