What is the reference range for glucose?
Fasting = 4.0 - 6.0 mmol/L
What is the reference range for Urea?
2.1-7.1 mmol/L
What is the reference range for Creatinine?
Male 53-97 mcmol/L
Female 44-71 mcmol/L
Child 0-53 mcmol/L
What is the reference range for Sodium?
135 - 145 mmol/L
What is the reference range for Potassium?
3.5 - 5.1 mmol/L
What is the reference range for Chloride?
98-107 mmol/L
What is the reference range for Total Protein?
60-80 g/L
What is the reference range for Albumin?
35-55 g/L
What are the factors that drive automation?
- Aging population
- Need for accurate tests quickly
What are the benefits to automation?
- Reduced errors
- Reduced sample volume
- Faster TAT’s
What is wet chemistry?
- uses liquid reagents
- same tip (washed)
- cheeper
- require good water source (filtration) and drainage
What is dry chemistry?
- New tip is required each time
- Costly
- No water needed
- No carryover
What are interferents?
proteins
What are the two types of reaction times?
- End point ( takes a reading after the reaction occurs)
- Rate reactions (readings are taken throughout the reaction)
What is an example of an endpoint reaction?
Glucose test
What is an example of a rate reaction?
Enzymatic tests
What is the purpose of automation in urinalysis?
- Eliminate the need for dipping
- Minimal touching
What is the biggest problem child in the lab? (electrolytes) and why?
LIPAFAM
Potassium #3
because easily influenced by hemolysis
What is an alert threshold index?
Alerts interferences in sample which alerts to block out the top three problem child’s (LIPAFAM) which are likely false elevated.
What is a renal function panel?
Urea and Creatinine
What is an electrolyte panel?
Na
K
Cl
What is a Liver function panel?
AST
ALT
ALP
LDH
What is a Drug screening panel?
Screens for drugs (acetaminophen)
What is a tox screen panel?
Multiple drugs
