AWS Cloud Practitioner (Digital Cloud) > AWS Compute > Flashcards

AWS Compute Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Amazon EC2?

A

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) is a web service with which you can run virtual server “instances” in the cloud.

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2
Q

What OS can EC2 instances run?

A

Amazon EC2 instances can run the Windows, Linux, or MacOS operating systems.

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3
Q

How does EC2 help with ease of use?

A

The EC2 simple web service interface allows you to obtain and configure capacity with minimal friction.

EC2 is designed to make web-scale cloud computing easier for developers.

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4
Q

What is the benefit of EC2 in terms of economics of computing?

A

Amazon EC2 changes the economics of computing by allowing you to pay only for capacity that you use.

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5
Q

What does Amazon EC2 provide developers with tools to do?

A

Amazon EC2 provides developers the tools to build failure resilient applications and isolate them from common failure scenarios.

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6
Q

What are the benefits of Amazon EC2?

A
  • Elastic Web-Scale computing – you can increase or decrease capacity within minutes not hours and commission one to thousands of instances simultaneously.
  • Completely controlled – You have complete control include root access to each instance and can stop and start instances without losing data and using web service APIs.
  • Flexible Cloud Hosting Services – you can choose from multiple instance types, operating systems, and software packages as well as instances with varying memory, CPU, and storage configurations.
  • Integrated – EC2 is integrated with most AWS services such as S3, RDS, and VPC to provide a complete, secure solution.
  • Reliable – EC2 offers a highly reliable environment where replacement instances can be rapidly and predictably commissioned with SLAs of 99.99% for each region.
  • Secure – EC2 works in conjunction with VPC to provide a secure location with an IP address range you specify and offers Security Groups, Network ACLs, and IPSec VPN features.
  • Inexpensive – Amazon passes on the financial benefits of scale by charging very low rates and on a capacity consumed basis.
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7
Q

What is an Amazon Machine Image (AMI)?

A

An Amazon Machine Image (AMI) is a special type of virtual appliance that is used to create a virtual machine within the Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (“EC2”).

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8
Q

What does an AMI include?

A

An AMI includes the following:

  • One or more EBS snapshots, or, for instance-store-backed AMIs, a template for the root volume of the instance (for example, an operating system, an application server, and applications).
  • Launch permissions that control which AWS accounts can use the AMI to launch instances.
  • A block device mapping that specifies the volumes to attach to the instance when it’s launched.
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9
Q

How many categories does AMI come in?

A

Community AMIs – free to use, generally you just select the operating system you want.
AWS Marketplace AMIs – pay to use, generally come packaged with additional, licensed software.
My AMIs – AMIs that you create yourself.

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10
Q

What is Metadata and User Data in EC2?

A

Metadata and User Data:

  • User data is data that is supplied by the user at instance launch in the form of a script.
    Instance metadata is data about your instance that you can use to configure or manage the running instance.
  • User data is limited to 16KB.
  • User data and metadata are not encrypted.
  • Instance metadata is available at http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data.
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11
Q

What does the Instance Metadata Query Tool allow you to do?

A

The Instance Metadata Query tool allows you to query the instance metadata without having to type out the full URI or category names.

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12
Q

What pricing options does EC2 have?

A
  • On demand
  • Reserved
  • Spot
  • Dedicated Hosts
  • Dedicated Instances
  • Savings Plans
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13
Q

What is On Demand Pricing in EC2?

A

Good for users that want the low cost and flexibility of EC2 without any up-front payment or long-term commitment.

Applications with short term, spiky, or unpredictable workloads that cannot be interrupted.

Applications being developed or tested on EC2 for the first time.

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14
Q

What is Reserved Pricing in EC2?

A
  • Applications with steady state or predictable usage.
  • Applications that require reserved capacity.
  • Users can make up-front payments to reduce their total computing costs even further.
  • Standard Reserved Instances (RIs) provide up to 75% off on-demand price.
  • Convertible RIs provide up to 54% off on-demand price – provides the capability to change the attributes of the RI if the exchange results in the creation of RIs of equal or greater value.
  • Scheduled RIs are available to launch within the time window you reserve. This option allows you to match your capacity reservation to a predictable recurring schedule that only requires a fraction of a day, a week, or a month.
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15
Q

What is Spot Pricing in EC2?

A
  • Applications that have flexible start and end times.
  • Applications that are only feasible at very low compute prices.
  • Users with an urgent need for a large amount of additional compute capacity.
  • If Amazon terminate your instances you do not pay, if you terminate you pay for the hour.
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16
Q

What is Dedicated Hosts Pricing in EC2?

A
  • Physical servers dedicated just for your use.
  • You then have control over which instances are deployed on that host.
  • Available as On-Demand or with Dedicated Host Reservation.
  • Useful if you have server-bound software licenses that use metrics like per-core, per-socket, or per-VM.
  • Each dedicated host can only run one EC2 instance size and type.
  • Good for regulatory compliance or licensing requirements.
  • Predictable performance.
  • Complete isolation.
  • Most expensive option.
  • Billing is per host.
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17
Q

What is Dedicated Instances Pricing in EC2?

A
  • Virtualized instances on hardware just for you.
  • Also uses physically dedicated EC2 servers.
  • Does not provide the additional visibility and controls of dedicated hosts (e.g. how instances are placed on a server).
  • Billing is per instance.
  • May share hardware with other non-dedicated instances in the same account.
  • Available as On-Demand, Reserved Instances, and Spot Instances.
  • Cost additional $2 per hour per region.
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18
Q

What is Savings Plans Pricing in EC2?

A
  • Savings Plans is a flexible pricing model that provides savings of up to 72% on your AWS compute usage.
  • This pricing model offers lower prices on Amazon EC2 instances usage, regardless of instance family, size, OS, tenancy, or AWS Region.
  • Also applies to AWS Fargate and AWS Lambda usage.
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19
Q

What are Instance Types in EC2?

A

Amazon EC2 provides a wide selection of instance types optimized to fit different use cases.

Instance types comprise varying combinations of CPU, memory, storage, and networking capacity and give you the flexibility to choose the appropriate mix of resources for your applications.

Each instance type includes one or more instance sizes, allowing you to scale your resources to the requirements of your target workload.

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20
Q

What is Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS)?

A

Amazon Elastic Container Service (ECS) is another product in the AWS Compute category. It provides a highly scalable, high performance container management service that supports Docker containers and allows you to easily run applications on a managed cluster of Amazon EC2 instances.

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21
Q

What does ECS eliminate the need for?

A

Amazon ECS eliminates the need for you to install, operate, and scale your own cluster management infrastructure.

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22
Q

What can you do with API calls in ECS?

A

Using API calls you can launch and stop container-enabled applications, query the complete state of clusters, and access many familiar features like security groups, Elastic Load Balancing, EBS volumes and IAM roles.

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23
Q

Scheduling in ECS

A

Amazon ECS can be used to schedule the placement of containers across clusters based on resource needs and availability requirements.

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24
Q

What are Launch Types in ECS?

A

An Amazon ECS launch type determines the type of infrastructure on which your tasks and services are hosted.

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25
What are the Launch Type options in ECS?
Amazon EC2 and Amazon Fargate
26
What are the differences between the two types of Launch Types in ECS?
ECS EC2 vs ECS Fargate - You explicitly provision EC2 instances - The control plane asks for resources and Fargate automatically provisions - You’re responsible for upgrading, patching, care of EC2 pool - Fargate provisions compute as needed - You must handle cluster optimization - Fargate handles cluster optimization - More granular control over infrastructure - Limited control, as infrastructure is automated
27
What is Elastic Container Registry (ECR)?
The Elastic container registry (ECR) is a managed AWS Docker registry service for storing, managing, and deploying Docker images.
28
What is the cost for Amazon ECS?
There is no additional charge for Amazon ECS. You pay for AWS resources (e.g. EC2 instances or EBS volumes) you create to store and run your application.
29
What is ECR integrated with?
Amazon ECR is integrated with Amazon EC2 Container Service (ECS).
30
What is the cost for Amazon ECR?
With Amazon ECR, there are no upfront fees or commitments. You pay only for the amount of data you store in your repositories and data transferred to the Internet.
31
What is AWS Lambda?
AWS Lambda is a serverless computing technology that allows you to run code without provisioning or managing servers. AWS Lambda executes code only when needed and scales automatically.
32
What is the cost for AWS Lambda?
You pay only for the compute time you consume (you pay nothing when your code is not running).
33
What are the benefits of AWS Lambda?
- No servers to manage. - Continuous scaling. - Millisecond billing. - Integrates with almost all other AWS services.
34
What are the primary use cases for AWS Lambda?
Primary use cases for AWS Lambda: - Data processing. - Real-time file processing. - Real-time stream processing. - Build serverless backends for web, mobile, IOT, and 3rd party API requests.
35
What is Amazon LightSail?
Amazon LightSail provides developers compute, storage, and networking capacity and capabilities to deploy and manage websites, web applications, and databases in the cloud.
36
What does LightSail include and provide?
Amazon LightSail includes everything you need to launch your project quickly – a virtual machine, SSD-based storage, data transfer, DNS management, and a static IP. Amazon LightSail provides preconfigured virtual private servers (instances) that include everything required to deploy and application or create a database.
37
Who manages the Infrastructure and Operating System for LightSail?
The underlying infrastructure and operating system is managed by Amazon LightSail.
38
How many projects is LightSail suited for?
Best suited to projects that require a few dozen instances or fewer.
39
What is LightSail good for?
Provides a simple management interface. Good for blogs, websites, web applications, e-commerce etc.
40
What can LightSail do with load balancer and block storage?
Can deploy load balancers and attach block storage.
41
Does LightSail have public API?
yes
42
What are LightSail's instance restrictions?
Limited to 20 Amazon LightSail instances, 5 static IPs, 3 DNS zones, 20 TB block storage, 40 databases, and 5 load balancers per account.
43
How many certificates does LightSail hvae per calendar year?
Up to 20 certificates per calendar year.
44
How can LightSail instances connect to each other?
Can connect to each other and other AWS resources through public Internet and private (VPC peering) networking.
45
What application templates does LightSail have?
Application templates include WordPress, WordPress Multisite, Drupal, Joomla!, Magento, Redmine, LAMP, Nginx (LEMP), MEAN, Node.js, and more.
46
How many Linux/Unix distributions does LightSail support?
Amazon LightSail currently supports 6 Linux or Unix-like distributions: Amazon Linux, CentOS, Debian, FreeBSD, OpenSUSE, and Ubuntu, as well as 2 Windows Server versions: 2012 R2 and 2016.
47
What are LightSail databases?
Amazon LightSail databases are instances that are dedicated to running databases.
48
How can you interact with user created databses in LightSail?
An Amazon LightSail database can contain multiple user-created databases, and you can access it by using the same tools and applications that you use with a stand-alone database.
49
What does LightSail database manage?
Amazon LightSail manages a range of maintenance activities and security for your database and its underlying infrastructure. Amazon LightSail automatically backs up your database and allows point in time restore from the past 7 days using the database restore tool.
50
What versions of MySQL does Lightsail support?
Amazon LightSail databases support the latest major versions of MySQL. Currently, these versions are 5.6, 5.7, and 8.0 for MySQL.
51
What plans are available for LightSail Database?
Amazon LightSail databases are available in Standard and High Availability plans. High Availability plans add redundancy and durability to your database, by automatically creating standby database in a separate Availability Zone.
52
What is the pricing model for LightSail database?
Amazon LightSail is very affordable. Amazon LightSail plans are billed on an on-demand hourly rate, so you pay only for what you use. For every Amazon LightSail plan you use, we charge you the fixed hourly price, up to the maximum monthly plan cost.
53
What is AWS Elastic Beanstalk?
AWS Elastic Beanstalk is the fastest and simplest way to get web applications up and running on AWS. Developers simply upload their application code, and the service automatically handles all the details such as resource provisioning, load balancing, auto-scaling, and monitoring.
54
What is Elastic Beanstalk ideal for?
Elastic Beanstalk is ideal if you have a PHP, Java, Python, Ruby, Node.js, .NET, Go, or Docker web application.
55
What core AWS services does Elastic Beanstalk use?
Elastic Beanstalk uses core AWS services such as Amazon EC2, Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS), Auto Scaling, and Elastic Load Balancing to easily support applications that need to scale to serve millions of users.
56
What is AWS Batch?
AWS Batch enables developers, scientists, and engineers to run hundreds of thousands of batch computing jobs easily and efficiently on AWS.
57
How does AWS Batch provision resources?
AWS Batch dynamically provisions the optimal quantity and type of compute resources (e.g., CPU or memory optimized instances) based on the volume and specific resource requirements of the batch jobs submitted.
58
How do you use AWS Batch?
With AWS Batch, you simply package the code for your batch jobs, specify their dependencies, and submit your batch job using the AWS Management Console, CLIs, or SDKs.
59
What does AWS Batch allow you to specify?
AWS Batch allows you to specify execution parameters and job dependencies, and facilitates integration with a broad range of popular batch computing workflow engines and languages (e.g., Pegasus WMS, Luigi, and AWS Step Functions).
60
What services does AWS Batch scale?
AWS Batch efficiently and dynamically provisions and scales Amazon EC2 and Spot Instances based on the requirements of your jobs. AWS Batch provides default job queues and compute environment definitions that enable you to get started quickly.
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