Number of vertebrae in each region
Zygapophyseal joint classification
Synovial, multiaxial, plane
Interbody joint classification
Cartilaginous (symphysis)
Anterior longitudinal ligament
-limits extension
Posterior longitudinal ligament
-limits flexion
Ligamentum flavum
-protrects z joints & neural tissue
ribs
Manubriosternal joint
secondary cartilaginous
Costochondral joint
primary cartilaginous
Sternocostal joint
1st- primary cartilaginous
2nd-7th : secondary cartilaginous