Axial Skeleton

Question 1

Whats up with this dog?

Answer 1

Spondylosis Deformans

• Cause: degeneration in older dogs
• Location: lumbar and thoracic region
• Symptom: decreased motion and discomfort
• Treatment:

Question 2

Whats up with this dog?

Answer 2

Discospondylitis

• Cause: infection of vert and intervert disc
• Location: thoracolumbar and lumbosacral areas
• Symptom: can be localized or spread through blood stream
• Treatment: antibiotics

Question 3

Atlanto-occipital joint

Answer 3

Atlanto-occipital joint= joint between atlas and occipital condyles

• AKA “yes joint”
• lateral ligament from lat dorsal arch to occipital bone

*** location for joint taps

Question 4

Atlanto-axial joint

Answer 4

Atlanto-axial joint= joint between atlas and axis

• AKA “no joint”
• apical ligament of dens
• alar ligaments
• transverse atlantal ligament (holds dens to ventral arch)

** Atlanto-axial instability is uncommon and causes abnormal neck movement which compresses spinal cord. PUT THEM IN NECK BRACE HAHAHA

Question 5

Nuchal Ligament

Answer 5

Nuchal Ligament

• between the parts of the semispinalis
  
  • biventer cervicis
  • complexus
• below splineus m.
• NOT PRESENT IN CAT

Question 6

Whats up with this dog?

Answer 6

Happy Tail

Question 7

Ligaments of Spine

Answer 7

Ligaments of Spine

• Ventral longitudinal
  
  • on ventral surfaces of vertebral bodies
  • axis to sacrum
• Dorsal longitudinal
  
  • dorsal surface of vertebral bodies
  • dens to caudal vertebrae
• Supraspinous ligament
  
  • attaches spines
  • T1-Cd3

Question 8

intervertebral discs

Answer 8

Intervertebral discs

• Location: between all vert except C1-C2
• Structure:
  
  • Anulus fibrosus- outer ring
  • Nucleus pilposus- central
• Function: stress absorber

Clinical- will see degeneration of the annulus fibrosus leads to Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD). Common in dwarf breeds like doxin, corgi, bulldog.

Question 9

Explain this

Answer 9

Intervertebral Disc Disease

Herniated disc

• Chondrodystrophic type happens in young dwarf dogs
• Non-chondrodystrophic type in labs and shepherds

Can lead to calcification of disc= reduced movement