Axon Function Ext. Core

Question 1

abs

Answer 1

Return absolute value of a number, if null return null

abs(val)

Question 2

add

Answer 2

Add item to the end of a list and return a new list.

add(val, item)

Question 3

addAll

Answer 3

Add all the items to the end of a list and return a new list.

addAll (val, items)

Question 4

addCol

Answer 4

Add a column to a grid by mapping each row to a new call value. The col parameter may be a simple string name or may be a distionary which must have a “name” tag (any other tags become column meta-data). The mapping funtion takes (row) and returns the new cell values for the column.

addCol (grid, col, fn)

Question 5

addColMeta

Answer 5

Return a new grid with additional column meta-data

addColMeta (grid, name, meta)

Question 6

addMeta

Answer 6

Add grid level meta-data tags.

addMeta(grid, meta)

Question 7

addRow

Answer 7

Add an additional Dict row to the end of a grid.

addRow (grid, newRow)

Question 8

addRows

Answer 8

Add an list of rows to the end of a grid. The newRows may be expressed as list of Dict or a Grid.

addRows (grid, newRows)

Question 9

all

Answer 9

Return if all the items in a list, dict, or grid match the given test function. If the collection is empty, then return true.

If working with a list, the function takes (val) or (val, index) and returns true or false.

If working with a dict, theu function takes (val) or (val, name) and returns true or false.

If working with a grid, the function take (row) or (row, index) and returns true or false.

[1, 3, 5] . all v => v.isOdd >> true

[1, 3, 6] .all(isOdd) >>false

Question 10

any

Answer 10

any(val, fn)

Return if any the items in a list, dict, or grid match the given test function. If the collection is empty, then return false.

If working with a list, the function takes (val) or (val, index) and returns true or false.

If working with a dict, the function takes (val) or (val, name) and returns true or false.

If working with a grid, the function takes (row) or (row, index) and returns true or false.

Examples:

[1, 3, 5].any v =\> v.isOdd \>\> true [2, 4, 6].any(isOdd) \>\> false

Question 11

as

Answer 11

as(val, unit)

Set the unit of a number. Unlike to no conversion of the scalar of the number is performed. The target unit can be a unit string or a number in which case the scalar value of the unit parameter is ignored (by convention should be 1).

Question 12

avg

Answer 12

avg(val, acc)

Fold multiple values into their standard average or arithmetic mean. This function is the same as math::mean. Null values are ignored. Return null if no values.

Question 13

capitalize

Answer 13

capitalize(val)

Return this string with the first character converted to uppercase. The case conversion is for ASCII only.

Question 14

chart

Answer 14

chart(val)

Set the grid visualization view to chart.

Question 15

checkSyntax

Answer 15

checkSyntax(src)

Given an axon expression, validate the syntax. If there are no errors then return an empty grid. If there are errors then return a grid with the “err” tag and a “line” and “dis” column for each error found.

Question 16

col

Answer 16

col(grid, name, checked: true)

Get a column by its name. If not resolved then return null or throw UnknownNameErr based on checked flag.

Question 17

colNames

Answer 17

colNames(grid)

Get the column names a list of strings.

Question 18

colToList

Answer 18

colToList(grid, col)

Get a column as a list of the cell values ordered by row.

Question 19

cols

Answer 19

cols(grid)

Get the columns from a grid as a list.

Question 20

colsToLocale

Answer 20

colsToLocale(grid)

Map each col display string to its localized tag name if the col does not already have a display string. Also see Grid.colsToLocale and Localization.

Question 21

commit

Answer 21

commit(diffs)

Commit a diff or list of diffs to the folio database.

If one diff is passed, return the new record. If a list of diffs is passed return a list of new records.

Examples:

// add new record newRec: commit(diff(null, {dis:"New Rec!"}, {add})) // add someTag to some group of records readAll(filter).toRecList.map(r =\> diff(r, {someTag})).commit

Side effects:

• writes to folio database
• clears context read cache

Question 22

concat

Answer 22

concat(list, sep: "")

Concatenate a list of items into a string.

Examples:

[1, 2, 3].concat \>\> "123" [1, 2, 3].concat(",") \>\> "1,2,3"

Question 23

contains

Answer 23

contains(val, x)

Return if val contains x:

• if val is Str, then x is substring.
• if val is List, then x is item to search.
• if val is Range, then is x inside the range inclusively
• if val is DateSpan, then is x a date in the span

Question 24

context

Answer 24

context()

Get the current context as a Dict with the following tags:

• username for current user
• userRef if user maps to a rec in current project
• projName if evaluating in context of a project
• ruleRef if evaluating in context of a spark engine rule
• locale current locale

Question 25

coord

Answer 25

`coord(lat, lng)` Construct a Coord from two Numbers in decimal degrees

Question 26

coordDist

Answer 26

`coordDist(c1, c2)` Given a two Coords, compute the great-circle distance between them in meters using the haversine forumula.

Question 27

coordLat

Answer 27

`coordLat(coord)` Latitude of a Coord as a Number

Question 28

coordLng

Answer 28

`coordLng(coord)` Longitude of a Coord as a Number

Question 29

count

Answer 29

`count(val, acc)` Fold multiple values into their total count Return zero if no values.

Question 30

curFunc

Answer 30

`curFunc()` Get the current top-level function's tags.

Question 31

date

Answer 31

`date(val, month: null, day: null)` If val is a DateTime: get date portion of the timestamp. If val is a Number: construct a date instance from year, month, day Examples: ``` now().date // same as today() date(2010, 12, 1) // same as 2010-12-01 ```

Question 32

dateTime

Answer 32

`dateTime(d, t, tz: null)` Construct a DateTime from a date, time, and timezone name. If timezone is null, use system default.

Question 33

day

Answer 33

`day(d)` Get day of month as integer between 1 to 31 from date or datetime.

Question 34

debugType

Answer 34

`debugType(val)` Return a string of the given value's type. No guarantee is made for the string's format. Applications must **not** assume any specific format, this function if for human consumption only.

Question 35

decapitalize

Answer 35

`decapitalize(val)` Return this string with the first character converted to lowercase. The case conversion is for ASCII only.

Question 36

diff

Answer 36

`diff(orig, changes, flags: null)` Construct a modification "diff" used by `commit`. The orig should be the instance which was read from the project, or it may be null only if the add flag is passed. Any tags to add/set/remove should be included in the changes dict. The following flags are supported: * `add`: indicates diff is adding new record * `remove`: indicates diff is removing record (in general you should add `trash` tag instead of removing) * `transient`: indicate that this diff should not be flushed to persistent storage (it may or may not be persisted). * `force`: indicating that changes should be applied regardless of other concurrent changes which may be been applied after the orig version was read (use with caution!) Examples: ``` // create new record diff(null, {dis:"New Rec", someMarker}, {add}) // create new record with explicit id like Diff.makeAdd diff(null, {id:151bd3c5-6ce3cb21, dis:"New Rec"}, {add}) // set/add dis tag and remove oldTag diff(orig, {dis:"New Dis", -oldTag}) // set/add val tag transiently diff(orig, {val:123}, {transient}) ```

Question 37

dis

Answer 37

`dis(dict, name: null, def: "")` Get display string for dict or the given tag. If `name` is null, then return display text for the entire dict using `Etc.dictToDis`. If `name` is non-null then format the tag value using its appropiate `toLocale` method. Also see `Dict.dis`.

Question 38

dst

Answer 38

`dst(dt)` Given a DateTime in a specific timezone, return true if the time is in daylight savings time or false if standard time.

Question 39

each

Answer 39

`each(val, fn)` Iterate the items of a collection: * Grid: iterate the rows as (row, index) * List: iterate the items as (value, index) * Dict: iterate the name/value pairs (value, name) * Range: iterate the integer range (integer)

Question 40

eachDay

Answer 40

`eachDay(dates, f)` Iterate the days for where `dates` may be any object converted into a date range by`toDateSpan`. The given function is called with a `Date` argument for each iterated day. Example: ``` f: day =\> echo(day) eachDay(2010-07-01..2010-07-03, f) \>\> iterate Jul 1st, 2nd, 3rd eachDay(2010-07, f) \>\> iterate each day of July 2010 eachDay(pastWeek, f) \>\> iterate last 7 days ```

Question 41

eachMonth

Answer 41

* `eachMonth(dates, f)` Iterate the months for where `dates` may be any object converted into a date range by`toDateSpan`. The given function is called with a `DateSpan` argument for each interated month. Examples: ``` // iterate each month in 2010, and echo data range eachMonth(2010) d =\> echo(d) // call f once for current method eachMonth(today(), f) ```

Question 42

eachWhile

Answer 42

`eachWhile(val, fn)` Iterate the items of a collection until the given function returns non-null, then break the iteration and return the resulting object. Return null if the function returns null for every item. * Grid: iterate the rows as (row, index) * List: iterate the items as (value, index) * Dict: iterate the name/value pairs (value, name) * Range: iterate the integer range (integer)

Question 43

echo

Answer 43

`echo(x)` Write the string represenation of `x` to standard out. Return x as result. Side effects: * performs I/O to stdout

Question 44

end

Answer 44

`end(val)` End value of a DateSpan, DateTimeSpan, or a range.

Question 45

endsWith

Answer 45

`endsWith(val, sub)` Return if Str ends with the specified Str.

Question 46

eval

Answer 46

`eval(expr)` Evaluate the given expression formatted as a string.

Question 47

exts

Answer 47

`exts(opts: null)` List the extensions available for the system. Return grid with following columns: * name: programatic unique name for extension * dis: display name of extension (based on opts-\>locale) * extStatus: ok, disabled, unlicenced, licFault, warn * extStatusMsg: description of status error * enabled: marker tag for extensions currently enabled on cur project * id: record id if enabled * app: qualified type of Fantom app if extension publishes a UI app * settings: qualified type of Fantom pane if extension publishes a settings UI * admin: marker if app requires admin permissions * icon24: uri to 24x24 icon * icon72: uri to 72x72 icon * iconTable: uri to 16x16 icon to use in tabular displays * depends: list of extension names separated by comma The options parameter supports following tags: * locale: language locale formatted as Locale.toStr

Question 48

fandoc

Answer 48

`fandoc(text)` Construct view which renders text formatted as [fandoc](https://www.skyfoundry.com/doc/fandoc/index#overview)

Question 49

filterToFunc

Answer 49

`filterToFunc(filterExpr)` Convert a filter expression to a function which may be used with `findAll` or `find`. The returned function accepts one parameter of Dicts and returns true/false if the Dict is matched by the filter. Also see `parseFilter`. Examples: ``` // filter for dicts with 'equip' tag list.findAll(filterToFunc(equip)) // filter rows with an 'area' tag over 10,000 grid.findAll(filterToFunc(area \> 10\_000)) ```

Question 50

find

Answer 50

`find(val, fn)` Find the first matching item in a list or grid by applying the given filter function. If no match is found return null. If working with a list, the filter should be a function that takes `(val)` or `(val, index)`. It should return true to match and return the item. If working with a dict, the filter should be a function that takes `(val)` or `(val, name)`. It should return true to match and return the item. If working with a grid, the filter function takes `(row)` or `(row, index)` and returns true to match and return the row.

Question 51

findAll

Answer 51

`findAll(val, fn)` Find all the items in a list, dict, or grid by applying the given filter function. Also see `find`. If working with a list, the filter should be a function that takes `(val)` or `(val, index)`. It should return true to keep the item. If working with a dict, the filter should be a function that takes `(val)` or `(val, name)`. It should return the true to keep the name/value pair. If working with a grid, the filter function takes `(row)` or `(row, index)` and returns true to keep the row. The resulting grid shares the original's grid meta and columns.

Question 52

first

Answer 52

`first(val)` Get the first item from an ordered collection or return null if the collection is empty: * list: item at index 0 * grid: first frow

Question 53

fold

Answer 53

`fold(list, fn)` Fold a list into a single value using a folding function with the signature of `(val, acc)`where val is the items being folded, and acc is an accumulator used to maintain state between interations. Lifecycle of a fold: 1. Call `fn(foldStart, null)`, return initial accumulator state 2. Call `fn(item, acc)` for every item, return new accumulator state 3. Call `fn(foldEnd, acc)` return final result The fold will short-circuit and halt immediately if the folding function returns `na` for the accumulator state. The result of the fold is `na` in this case. A folding function should document its behavior when a collection contains `na`. Example: ``` [1, 2, 3, 4].fold(max) // fold list into its max value [1, 2, 3, 4].fold(avg) // fold list into its average value [1, 2, na(), 3].fold(sum) // =\> na() ``` Example of writing your own custom fold function that used start/end values and has support for na(): ``` average: (val, acc) =\> do if (val == foldStart()) return {sum:0, count:0} if (val == foldEnd()) return acc-\>sum / acc-\>count if (val == na()) return na() return {sum: acc-\>sum + val, count: acc-\>count + 1} end ```

Question 54

foldCol

Answer 54

`foldCol(grid, colName, fn)` Fold the values of the given column into a single value using a folding function using same semantics as `fold`.

Question 55

foldCols

Answer 55

`foldCols(grid, colSelector, newColName, fn)` Fold a set of columns in each row into a new folded column and return a new grid. The columns to fold are selected by the `colSelector` function and removed from the result. The selector may be a list of string names or a function which takes a Col and returns true to select it. The folding function uses same semantics as `fold`. Example: ``` // consider grid 'g' with the following structure: a b c --- --- --- 1 10 100 2 20 200 // foldCols, add b and c together to create new bc column g.foldCols(["b", "c"], "bc", sum) // yields this grid: a bc --- --- 1 110 2 220 // we could also replace list of col names with a function colSel: col =\> col.name == "b" or col.name == "c" g.foldCols(colSel, "bc", sum) ```

Question 56

foldEnd

Answer 56

`foldEnd()` The fold end marker value TODO: this API is subject to change

Question 57

foldStart

Answer 57

`foldStart()` The fold start marker value TODO: this API is subject to changefoldStart() The fold start marker value TODO: this API is subject to change

Question 58

folioCompact

Answer 58

`folioCompact()` Asynchronously kick off a database compaction operation for current project. Requires super user permission. See `Proj.compact`. To run a compaction in a background job use`jobFolioCompact`.

Question 59

folioEmptyTrash

Answer 59

`folioEmptyTrash()` Delete all the records marked with `trash` tag. See `Proj.emptyTrash`

Question 60

folioRestore

Answer 60

`folioRestore(ts, opts: null)` Restore snapshot identified by given timestamp Requires super user permission. See`Proj.restore`

Question 61

folioSetMode

Answer 61

`folioSetMode(mode)` Set folio database mode: "ro", "rw", "disabled" Requires super user permission. See`Proj.mode`

Question 62

folioSnapshot

Answer 62

`folioSnapshot()` Asynchronously kick off a new snapshot for current project. Requires super user permission. See `Proj.snapshot` To run a snapshot a background job use `jobFolioSnapshot`.

Question 63

folioSnapshotDelete

Answer 63

`folioSnapshotDelete(ts)` Delete a snapshot file by its timestamp. Return true if snapshot found and deleted of false otherwise. Requires super user permission.

Question 64

folioSnapshots

Answer 64

`folioSnapshots()` List all the snapshots for the current project: * ts: timestamp of snapshot * size: size in bytes of snapshot

Question 65

format

Answer 65

`format(val, pattern: "")` Format an object using the current locale and specified format pattern. Formatting patterns follow Fantom toLocale conventions: * `Bool.toLocale` * `Int.toLocale` * `Float.toLocale` * `Duration.toLocale` * `Date.toLocale` * `Time.toLocale` * `DateTime.toLocale`

Question 66

fromJavaMillis

Answer 66

`fromJavaMillis(millis, tz: null)` Given Number of milliseconds since Unix epoch of 1-Jan-1970 UTC, return a DateTime in given timezone. If timezone is null, use system default. Also see `toJavaMillis`.

Question 67

func

Answer 67

`func(name, checked: true)` Find a top-level function by name and return its tags. If not found throw exception or return null based on checked flag.

Question 68

funcs

Answer 68

`funcs(filterExpr: null)` Find all the top-levels functions in the current project which match the given filter. If the filter is omitted then return all the functions declared in the current project. The function tags are returned. This function automatically removes tags which would be expensive to send over the network like `doc` and `src`. An `override` column is added to indicate if the function if a rec function which overrides a core/extension function. Examples: ``` funcs() // all functions funcs(ext == "hvac") // match filter ```

Question 69

get

Answer 69

`get(val, key)` Get an item from a collection: * str(num): get character at index as int (same semanatics as Fantom) * str(range): get string slice (same semanatics as Fantom) * list(num): get item at given index (same semanatics as Fantom) * list(range): get list slice at given index (same semanatics as Fantom) * dict(key): get item with given key or return null * grid(num): get row at given index * grid(range): `Grid.getRange` The get function maybe be accessed using the `[]` shortcut operator: ``` list[3] \>\> list.get(3) ```

Question 70

getSafe

Answer 70

`getSafe(val, key)` Get an item from a str, list, or grid safely when an index is out of bounds: * str(num): get a character at index or null if index invalid * str(range): get safe slice or "" if entire range invalid * list(num): get item at given index or null is index invalid * list(range): get list slice with safe index * grid(num): get row at given index or null if index invalid * grid(range): `Grid.getRange` with safe range

Question 71

gridColKinds

Answer 71

`gridColKinds(grid)` Given a grid return the types used in each column as a grid with the following: * `name`: string name of the column * `kind`: all the different value kinds in the column separated by "|" * `count`: total number of rows with column with a non-null value Also see`readAllTagNames`.

Question 72

gridColsToDict

Answer 72

`gridColsToDict(grid, colToKey, colToVal)` Convert a grid into a dict of name/val pairs which are derived from each column using the given functions. The functions take `(col, index)`

Question 73

gridFormats

Answer 73

`gridFormats()` Return grid formats installed. See `GridFormat`

Question 74

gridRowsToDict

Answer 74

`gridRowsToDict(grid, rowToKey, rowToVal)` Convert a grid into a dict of name/val pairs which are derived from each row using the given functions. The functions take `(row, index)`

Question 75

has

Answer 75

`has(val, name)` If val is a Grid return if it has the given column name. If val is a Dict return if the given name is mapped to a non-null value

Question 76

heading

Answer 76

`heading(text)` Construct heading view

Question 77

hour

Answer 77

`hour(t)` Get hour of day as integer between 0 to 23 from time or datetime

Question 78

hoursInDay

Answer 78

`hoursInDay(dt)` Given a DateTime in a specific timezone, return the number of hours in the day. Dates which transition to DST will be 23 hours and days which transition back to standard time will be 25 hours.

Question 79

index

Answer 79

`index(val, x, offset: 0)` Return the first match of `x` in `val` searching forward, starting at the specified offset index. A negative offset may be used to access from the end of string. Return null if no occurences are found: * if `val` is Str, then `x` is substring. * if `val` is List, then `x` is item to search.

Question 80

indexr

Answer 80

`indexr(val, x, offset: Number.negOne)` Return the last match of `x` in `val` searching backward, starting at the specified offset index. A negative offset may be used to access from the end of string. Return null if no occurences are found: * if `val` is Str, then `x` is substring. * if `val` is List, then `x` is item to search.

Question 81

insert

Answer 81

`insert(val, index, item)` Insert an item into a list at the given index and return a new list.

Question 82

insertAll

Answer 82

`insertAll(val, index, items)` Insert a list of items at the given index and return a new list.

Question 83

invoke

Answer 83

`invoke(rec, action, args: {})` Invoke an action on the given rec (any value supported by `toRec`). The record must have a valid `actions` grid configured with a dis string matching the the `action` parameter. See[Actions](https://www.skyfoundry.com/doc/docSkySpark/Actions).

Question 84

isAlpha

Answer 84

`isAlpha(num)` Is number an ASCII alpha char: isUpper||isLower

Question 85

isAlphaNum

Answer 85

`isAlphaNum(num)` Is number an ASCII alpha-numeric char: isAlpha||isDigit

Question 86

isBool

Answer 86

`isBool(val)` Return if an object is a boolean type

Question 87

isDate

Answer 87

`isDate(val)` Return if an object is a Date type

Question 88

isDateTime

Answer 88

`isDateTime(val)` Return if an object is a DateTime type

Question 89

isDict

Answer 89

`isDict(val)` Return if an object is a dict type

Question 90

isDigit

Answer 90

`isDigit(num, radix: 10)` Is number a digit in the specified radix. A decimal radix of ten returns true for 0-9. A radix of 16 also returns true for a-f and A-F.

Question 91

isEmpty

Answer 91

`isEmpty(val)` Return if a collection is empty: str, list, dict, or grid

Question 92

isEven

Answer 92

`isEven(val)` Return if an integer is an even number.

Question 93

isFunc

Answer 93

`isFunc(val)` Return if an object is a function type

Question 94

isGrid

Answer 94

`isGrid(val)` Return if an object is a grid type

Question 95

isKeyword

Answer 95

`isKeyword(val)` Return if given string is an Axon keyword

Question 96

isList

Answer 96

`isList(val)` Return if an object is a list type

Question 97

isLower

Answer 97

`isLower(num)` Is number an ASCII lowercase alphabetic char: a-z

Question 98

isMetric

Answer 98

`isMetric(val: null)` Given an optional value return true if the SI metric system should be used or false if the United States customary unit system should be used. The following rules are used: * if val is a dict with `geoCountry` return return false if "US" * if number or rec with `unit` and unit is known to be a US customary unit return false (right now we only check for °F and Δ°F) * fallback to locale of hosting server, see `Locale` Examples: ``` isMetric({geoCountry:"US"}) \>\> false isMetric({geoCountry:"FR"}) \>\> true isMetric(75°F) \>\> false isMetric({unit:"Δ°C"}) \>\> true isMetric() \>\> fallback to server locale ```

Question 99

isNaN

Answer 99

`isNaN(val)` Return if `val` is the Number representation of not-a-number

Question 100

isNumber

Answer 100

`isNumber(val)` Return if an object is a number type

Question 101

isOdd

Answer 101

`isOdd(val)` Return if an integer is an odd number.

Question 102

isRef

Answer 102

`isRef(val)` Return if an object is a ref type

Question 103

isSpace

Answer 103

`isSpace(num)` Is number is whitespace char: space \t \n \r \f

Question 104

isStr

Answer 104

`isStr(val)` Return if an object is a str type

Question 105

isTagName

Answer 105

`isTagName(n)` Return if the given string is legal tag name - see `Etc.isTagName`

Question 106

isTime

Answer 106

`isTime(val)` Return if an object is a Time type

Question 107

isUpper

Answer 107

`isUpper(num)` Is number an ASCII uppercase alphabetic char: A-Z

Question 108

isUri

Answer 108

`isUri(val)` Return if an object is a Uri type

Question 109

isWeekday

Answer 109

`isWeekday(t)` Does the given Date or DateTime fall on Mon, Tue, Wed, Thu, or Fri

Question 110

isWeekend

Answer 110

`isWeekend(t)` Does the given Date or DateTime fall on Sat or Sun

Question 111

join

Answer 111

`join(a, b, joinColName)` Join two grids by column name. Current implementation requires: * grids cannot have conflicting col names (other than join col) * each row in both grids must have a unique value for join col * grid level meta is merged * join column meta is merged

Question 112

joinAll

Answer 112

`joinAll(grids, joinColName)` Join a list of grids into a single grid. See `join`.

Question 113

keepCols

Answer 113

`keepCols(grid, cols)` Return a new grid with keeps the given columns, but removes all the others. Columns can be Str names or Col instances.

Question 114

last

Answer 114

`last(val)` Get the last item from an ordered collection or return null if the collection is empty: * list: item at index -1 * grid: item at index -1

Question 115

lastMonth

Answer 115

`lastMonth()` DateSpan for month previous to this month `1..28-31`

Question 116

lastWeek

Answer 116

`lastWeek()` DateSpan for week previous to this week `sun..sat` (uses locale start of week)

Question 117

lastYear

Answer 117

`lastYear()` DateSpan for year previous to this year `Jan-1..Dec-31`

Question 118

log

Answer 118

`log(level, category, msg, err: null)` Submit a log record to the logging subsystem: * level: must be "err", "warn", "info" (same as `LogLevel`). * category: grouping name of log, must be valid tag name * msg: short single line summary of message to log * err: exception from catch block that includes errTrace tag Logs are stored on a per project basis in the "logs/" directory of each project's top-level directory. Host level logs are stored in "logs/" of the SkySpark installation directory. Fantom logging using the `Log` API is automically mapped into project logging. When the current actor can be associated with a specific project, then it logged into the appropiate project, otherwise it is logged at the host level. To ensure logging with the correct project, use `Proj.log` instead of `Log.get`. If this function is called within the context of a `job run` then we also sent this message to the job's runtime log. In general you should prefer `logErr`, `logWarn`, and `logInfo`. Also see `logRead`.

Question 119

logDebug

Answer 119

`logDebug(category, msg, err: null)` Log at the "debug" level - see `log`.

Question 120

logErr

Answer 120

`logErr(category, msg, err: null)` Log at the "err" level - see `log`.

Question 121

logInfo

Answer 121

`logInfo(category, msg, err: null)` Log at the "info" level - see `log`.

Question 122

logRead

Answer 122

`logRead(dates)` Read the log file for the given dates range and optional filter. Dates can be any object supported by `toDateSpan`. Result is returned as grid with these cols: * ts: timestamp of the log record (in host's current timezone) * level: "err", "warn", "info" * category: grouping name of log items * msg: short single line summary * errTrace: error trace string or null Also see `log`.

Question 123

logWarn

Answer 123

`logWarn(category, msg, err: null)` Log at the "warn" level - see `log`.

Question 124

lower

Answer 124

`lower(val)` Convert a char number or str to lower case

Question 125

map

Answer 125

`map(val, fn)` Map list, dict, or grid by applying the given mapping function. If mapping a list, the mapping should be a function that takes `(val)` or `(val, index)`. It should return the new value for that index. If mapping a dict, the mapping should be a function that takes `(val)` or `(val, name)`. It should return the new value for that name. If mapping a grid, the mapping function takes `(row)` or `(row,index)` and returns a new dictionary to use for the row. The resulting grid shares the original's grid level meta. Columns left intact share the old meta-data, new columns have no meta-data. If the mapping function returns null, then that row is removed from the resulting grid (not mapped). If mapping a range, then the mapping function takes `(integer)`, and returns a list for each mapped integer inte the range.

Question 126

marker

Answer 126

`marker()` Get the marker value singleton `Marker.val`

Question 127

max

Answer 127

`max(val, acc)` Compare two numbers and return the larger one. This function may also be used with`fold` to return the largest number (or null if no values). Examples: ``` max(7, 4) \>\> 7 [7, 2, 4].fold(max) \>\> 7 ```

Question 128

merge

Answer 128

`merge(a, b)` Merge two Dicts together and return a new Dict. Any tags in `b` are added to `a`. If `b` defines a tag already in `a`, then it is overwritten by `b`. If a tag in `b` is mapped to `Remove.val`, then that tag is removed from the result.

Question 129

meta

Answer 129

`meta(val)` Get the meta-data from a grid or col as a dict.

Question 130

min

Answer 130

`min(val, acc)` Compare two numbers and return the smaller one. This function may also be used with`fold` to return the smallest number (or null if no values). Examples: ``` min(7, 4) \>\> 4 [7, 2, 4].fold(min) \>\> 2min(val, acc) ``` Compare two numbers and return the smaller one. This function may also be used with`fold` to return the smallest number (or null if no values). Examples: ``` min(7, 4) \>\> 4 [7, 2, 4].fold(min) \>\> 2 ```

Question 131

minute

Answer 131

`minute(t)` Get minutes of the time as integer between 0 to 59 from time or datetime

Question 132

missing

Answer 132

`missing(val, name)` If val is a Grid return if it does not have given column name. If val is a Dict, return if the given name is not mapped to a non-null value.

Question 133

month

Answer 133

`month(d)` Get month as integer between 1 to 12 from date or datetime

Question 134

moveTo

Answer 134

`moveTo(list, item, toIndex)` Find the given item in a list, and move it to the given index. All the other items are shifted accordingly. Negative indexes may used to access an index from the end of the list. If the item is not found then this is a no op. Return new list. Examples: ``` [10, 11, 12].moveTo(11, 0) \>\> [11, 10, 12] [10, 11, 12].moveTo(11, -1) \>\> [10, 12, 11] ```

Question 135

na

Answer 135

`na()` Get NA not-available singleton `NA.val`

Question 136

name

Answer 136

`name(val)` If val is a Col, get the column name. If val is a Uri, get the last name in the path.

Question 137

names

Answer 137

`names(dict)` Get the list of names used by a given dict

Question 138

nan

Answer 138

`nan()` Return the Number representation of not-a-number

Question 139

navChildren

Answer 139

`navChildren(treeName, base: null, opts: null)` Return a grid of the given base records navigation direct children. If base is null, then return the top-level navigation records. Parameters: * `treeName`: string key of which tree to navigate such as "equip" * `base`: Ref or record Dict of base to navigate to * `opts`: null or Dict of options Options: * `stop`: stop tag, example "site" if searching "equip" tree for just sites Resulting grid as sames columns as `navLevels`. Also see [NavTrees](https://www.skyfoundry.com/doc/docSkySpark/NavTrees#navFuncs). TODO: this function is subject to change

Question 140

navCommonAncestor

Answer 140

`navCommonAncestor(treeName, recs)` Given a navigation tree name and list of records (anything supported by `toRecList`), return the common ancestor base record that they all share. For example given a list of points under an equip, then the parent equip is returned. But a set of points in different equipment, but same site will return the site record. Return result as Dict or null if no common ancestor is found. TODO: this function is subject to change

Question 141

navFilter

Answer 141

`navFilter(treeName, bases, opts: null)` Return a grid used to represent a navigation filter under one or more base recs. The filter defines the meta tag `navFilter` to distinguish it from other types of grids. The grid defines a single `id` column for the identifier and display name of each record in the filter. If the base is null, then we assume the root of the entire tree. If the string literal "default", then a user specific or project specific default filter is used. Options: * `targetTag`: tag name for all recs in tree we are looking for, or if omitted, then all recs in tree under base * `auxFilter`: string with filter auxiliary applied to each level of the tree Also see [NavTrees](https://www.skyfoundry.com/doc/docSkySpark/NavTrees#navFilters). TODO: this function is subject to change

Question 142

navLevels

Answer 142

`navLevels(treeName, base: null, opts: null)` Return a grid to populate a navigation multi-pane dialog. Given a base record return a list of records at each level of the tree above the base as well as the direct children of the base. Parameters: * `treeName`: string key of which tree to navigate such as "equip" * `base`: Ref or record Dict of base to navigate to * `opts`: null or Dict of options Options: * `stop`: stop tag, example "site" if searching "equip" tree for just sites * `search`: search string, if defined then return any record in the navigation tree that contains the case insensitive search string in its dis string * `auxFilter`: string with filter auxiliary applied to each level of the tree * `limit`: search limit (defaults to 1000) Resulting grid has following columns: * `level`: 0 for for top level, down to level n based on navigation depth * `id`: Ref of record * `indent`: if level is organized as sub-tree (equip containing equips) * `icon16`: URI to best 16x16 icon to use * `selected`: if this is selected record in navigation path * `children`: if use can "dive down" into this record Also see [NavTrees](https://www.skyfoundry.com/doc/docSkySpark/NavTrees#navFuncs). TODO: this function is subject to change

Question 143

navTrees

Answer 143

`navTrees()` List the navigation trees available for the current project. Return grid with following columns: * `treeName`: programmatic name of tree * `dis`: display name of the tree * `path`: Str path syntax * `depend`: tree name if this tree is dependent * `builder`: Marker if this tree should show up in Builder TODO: this function is subject to change

Question 144

negInf

Answer 144

`negInf()` Return the Number representation negative infinity

Question 145

now

Answer 145

`now()` Return current DateTime according to context's time zone

Question 146

nowTicks

Answer 146

`nowTicks()` Return current time as nanosecond ticks since 1 Jan 2000 UTC. Note that the 64-bit floating point representations of nanosecond ticks will loose accuracy below the microsecond.

Question 147

numDaysInMonth

Answer 147

`numDaysInMonth(month: null)` Get the number of days in a given month. The month parameter may be: * Date: returns number of days in given month (uses month/year, ignores day) * Number 1-12: returns days in month for current year * null: returns day in current month Examples: ``` numDaysInMonth() \>\>\> days in current month numDaysInMonth(1) \>\>\> 31day (days in January) numDaysInMonth(6) \>\>\> 30day (days in June) numDaysInMonth(2) \>\>\> 28day or 29day (days for Feb this year) numDaysInMonth(2012-02-13) \>\>\> 29day (days in Feb for leap year) ```

Question 148

occured

Answer 148

`occurred(ts, range)` Return if a timestamp is contained within a Date range. Range may be any value supported by `toDateSpan`. Timestamp may be either a Date or a DateTime. Also see`contains`. Examples: ``` ts.occurred(thisWeek) ts.occurred(pastMonth()) ts.occurred(2010-01-01..2010-01-15) ```

Question 149

padl

Answer 149

`padl(val, width, char: " ")` Pad string to the left. If size is less than width, then add the given char to the left to achieve the specified width. Examples: ``` "3".padl(3, "0") \>\> "003" "123".padl(2, "0") \>\> "123" ```

Question 150

padr

Answer 150

`padr(val, width, char: " ")` Pad string to the right. If size is less than width, then add the given char to the left to acheive the specified with. Examples: ``` "xyz".padr(2, ".") \>\> "xyz" "xyz".padr(5, "-") \>\> "xyz--" ```

Question 151

params

Answer 151

`params(fn)` Given a function name reflect its parameters as rows with the following columns: * name: programtic name of the parameter * def: default value if available otherwise null Example: ``` hisRead.params ```

Question 152

parseBool

Answer 152

`parseBool(val, checked: true)` Parse a Str into a Bool, legal formats are "true" or "false. If invalid format and checked is false return null, otherwise throw ParseErr.

Question 153

parseDate

Answer 153

`parseDate(val, pattern: "YYYY-MM-DD", checked: true)` Parse a Str into a Date. If the string cannot be parsed into a valid Date and checked is false then return null, otherwise throw ParseErr. See `Date.toLocale` for pattern.

Question 154

parseDateTime

Answer 154

`parseDateTime(val, pattern: "YYYY-MM-DD'T'hh:mm:SS.FFFFFFFFFz zzzz", tz: now().tz, checked: true)` Parse a Str into a DateTime. If the string cannot be parsed into a valid DateTime and checked is false then return null, otherwise throw ParseErr. See `DateTime.toLocale` for pattern.

Question 155

parseFilter

Answer 155

`parseFilter(val, checked: true)` Parse a string into a Filter expr which may be used with the `read` or `readAll` function. Also see `filterToFunc`. This function must be used directly as the parameter to `read` or `readAll`(it cannot be assigned to a temporary variable). Example: ``` str: "point and kw" readAll(parseFilter(str)) ```

Question 156

parseFloat

Answer 156

`parseFloat(val, checked: true)` Parse a Str into a Float. Representations for infinity and not-a-number are "-INF", "INF", "NaN". If invalid format and checked is false return null, otherwise throw ParseErr. This string value *cannot* include a unit (see parseNumber).

Question 157

parseInt

Answer 157

`parseInt(val, radix: 10, checked: true)` Parse a Str into a integer number using the specified radix. If invalid format and checked is false return null, otherwise throw ParseErr. This string value *cannot* include a unit (see parseNumber).

Question 158

parseNumber

Answer 158

`parseNumber(val, checked: true)` Parse a Str into a number with an option unit. If invalid format and checked is false return null, otherwise throw ParseErr. Also see `parseInt` and `parseFloat` to parse basic integers and floating point numbers without a unit.

Question 159

parseTime

Answer 159

`parseRef(val, checked: true)` Parse a Str into a Ref. If the string is not a valid Ref identifier then raise ParseErr or return null based on checked flag.

Question 160

parseTime

Answer 160

`parseTime(val, pattern: "hh:mm:SS", checked: true)` Parse a Str into a Time. If the string cannot be parsed into a valid Time and checked is false then return null, otherwise throw ParseErr. See `Time.toLocale` for pattern.

Question 161

parseUnit

Answer 161

`parseUnit(val, checked: true)` Parse a Str into a standardized unit name. If the val is not a valid unit name from the standard database then return null or raise exception based on checked flag.

Question 162

parseUri

Answer 162

`parseUri(val, checked: true)` Parse a string into a Uri instance. If the string cannot be parsed into a valid Uri and checked is false then return null, otherwise throw ParseErr. This function converts an URI from *standard form*. Use `uriDecode` to convert a string from *escaped form*. See `Uri` for a detailed discussion on standard and escaped forms. Examples: ``` "foo bar".parseUri \>\> `foo bar` "foo%20bar".uriDecode \>\> `foo bar` ```

Question 163

passwordGenSalt

Answer 163

`passwordGenSalt()` Generate a new, unique random string to use for the `userSalt` tag. See`PasswordManager.genSalt`.

Question 164

passwordHmac

Answer 164

`passwordHmac(user, pass, salt)` Generate SHA-1 HMAC which is "user:salt".hmac(pass). Result is base64 encoded. See`PasswordManager.hmac`.

Question 165

passwordSet

Answer 165

`passwordSet(key, val)` Store a password key/val pair into current project's password manager. The key is typically a Ref of the associated record and val is either a HMAC or plaintext password. See`Proj.passwords`. Current behavior allows both su and admins to set any password.

Question 166

pastMonth

Answer 166

`pastMonth()` DateSpan for last 30days `today-30days..today`

Question 167

pastWeek

Answer 167

`pastWeek()` DateSpan for last 7 days as `today-7days..today`

Question 168

pastYear

Answer 168

`pastYear()` DateSpan for this past `today-365days..today`

Question 169

posInf

Answer 169

`posInf()` Return the Number representation positive infinity

Question 170

reFind

Answer 170

`reFind(regex, s)` Find the first match of regular expression in `s` or return null if no matches. See [AxonUsage](https://www.skyfoundry.com/doc/docSkySpark/AxonUsage#regex). Examples: ``` reFind(r"\d+", "x123y") \>\> "123" reFind(r"\d+", "xyz") \>\> null ```

Question 171

reGroups

Answer 171

`reGroups(regex, s)` Return a list of the substrings captured by matching the given regular operation against `s`. Return null if no matches. The first item in the list is the entire match, and each additional item is matched to `()` arguments in the regex pattern. See [AxonUsage](https://www.skyfoundry.com/doc/docSkySpark/AxonUsage#regex). Examples: ``` re: r"(RTU|AHU)-(\d+)" reGroups(re, "AHU") \>\> null reGroups(re, "AHU-7") \>\> ["AHU-7", "AHU", "7"] ```

Question 172

reMatches

Answer 172

`reMatches(regex, s)` Return if regular expression matches entire region of `s`. See [AxonUsage](https://www.skyfoundry.com/doc/docSkySpark/AxonUsage#regex). Examples: ``` reMatches(r"\d+", "x123y") \>\> false reMatches(r"\d+", "123") \>\> true ```

Question 173

read

Answer 173

`read(filterExpr, checked: true)` Read from database first record which matches filter. If no matches found throw UnknownRecErr or null based on checked flag. See `readAll` for how filter works.

Question 174

readAll

Answer 174

`readAll(filterExpr)` Reall all records from the database which match filter. The filter must an expression which matches the filter structure. String values may parsed into a filter using `parseFilter`function.

Question 175

readAllTagNames

Answer 175

`readAllTagNames(filterExpr)` Return the intersection of all tag names used by all the records matching the given filter. The results are returned as a grid with following columns: * `name`: string name of the tag * `kind`: all the different value kinds separated by "|" * `count`: total number of recs with the tag Also see `readAllTagVals` and `gridColKinds`.

Question 176

readAllTagVals

Answer 176

`readAllTagVals(filterExpr, tagName)` Return the range of all the values mapped to a given tag name used by all the records matching the given filter. This method is capped to 200 results. The results are returned as a grid with a single `val` column. Also see `readAllTagNames`.

Question 177

readById

Answer 177

`readById(id, checked: true)` Read a record from database by `id`. If not found throw UnknownRecErr or return null based on checked flag.

Question 178

readByIds

Answer 178

`readByIds(ids, checked: true)` Read a list of record ids into a grid. The rows in the result correspond by index to the ids list. If checked is true, then every id must be found in the project or UnknownRecErr is thrown. If checked is false, then an unknown record is returned as a row with every column set to null (including the `id` tag).

Question 179

readByName

Answer 179

`readByName(name, checked: true)` Read a record from database by `name`. If not found throw UnkownRecErr or return null based on checked flag.

Question 180

readCount

Answer 180

`readCount(filterExpr)` Return the number of records which match the given filter expression.

Question 181

readLink

Answer 181

`readLink(id)` Read a record Dict by its id for hyperlinking in a UI. Unlike other reads which return a Dict, this read returns the columns ordered in the same order as reads which return a Grid.

Question 182

readProjStatus

Answer 182

`readProjStatus(projName: null)` Read status and meta-data information for given project, or if name is null then read for current project. Requires super user permission if project name is specified.

Question 183

refGen

Answer 183

`refGen()` Generate a new unique Ref identifier

Question 184

remove

Answer 184

`remove(val, key)` Remove an item from a collection and return a new collection. If val is a list, then key is index to remove at. If val is a dict, then item is name key.

Question 185

removeCol

Answer 185

`removeCol(grid, name)` Return a new grid with the given column removed. If the column doesn't exist, then return given grid.

Question 186

removeCols

Answer 186

`removeCols(grid, cols)` Return a new grid with all the given columns removed. Columns can be Str names or Col instances.

Question 187

removeMarker

Answer 187

`removeMarker()` Get the remove value singleton `Remove.val`

Question 188

renameCol

Answer 188

`renameCol(grid, oldName, newName)` Return a new grid with the given column renamed.

Question 189

renameId

Answer 189

`renameId(from, to)` Convenience for `renameIds` with one id pair. Example: ``` renameId(@19a683ac-145e5a69, @SiteA) ``` TODO: this feature is experimental

Question 190

renameIds(mapping)

Answer 190

`renameIds(mapping)` Rename every occurance of a given set of ids where the keys are the *from* id and the vals are the *to* id. This swizzles the `id` tag of the records as well as any Ref tags that point to that record. Raise an exception if any record to rename has a Bin tag. Also see`Proj.renameIds`. This function takes a Dict where the keys are *from* id strings and the values are *to* Refs. Or the mapping may be a Grid with a `from` and `to` column and all the cells are Refs. Examples: ``` renameIds({"a.old":@a.new, "b.old":@b.new}) renameIds([{from:@a.old, to:@a.new}, {from: @b.old to: @b.new}].toGrid) ```

Question 191

reorderCols(grid, colNames)

Answer 191

`reorderCols(grid, colNames)` Return a new grid with the columns reordered. The given list of names represents the new order and must contain the same current column names. Also see `colNames` and `moveTo`. Example: ``` // move name to first col, and foo to last col cols: grid.colNames.moveTo("name", 0).moveTo("foo", -1) return grid.reorderCols(cols) ```

Question 192

replace(val, from, to)

Answer 192

`replace(val, from, to)` String replace of all occurrences of `from` with `to`. All three parameters must be strings. Examples: ``` "hello".replace("hell", "t") \>\> "to" "aababa".replace("ab", "-") \>\> "a--a" ```

Question 193

second(t)

Answer 193

second(t) Get seconds of the time as integer between 0 to 59 from time or datetime

Question 194

set(val, key, item)

Answer 194

`set(val, key, item)` Set a collection item and return a new collection. If val is a list, then set item by index key. If val is a dict, then set item by key name.

Question 195

size(val)

Answer 195

size(val) Return number of items in str, list, or grid

Question 196

sort(val, sorter: null)

Answer 196

`sort(val, sorter: null)` Sort a list or grid. If sorting a list, the sorter should be a function that takes two list items and returns -1, 0, or 1 (typicaly done with the `<=>` operator. If no sorter is passed, then the list is sorted by its natural ordering. If sorting a grid, the sorter can be a column name or a function. If a function, it should take two rows and return -1, 0, or 1.

Question 197

sortr(val, sorter: null)

Answer 197

sortr(val, sorter: null) Reverse sort a list or grid. This function works just like sort except sorts in reverse.

Question 198

split(val, sep)

Answer 198

split(val, sep) Split a string by the given separator and trim whitespace. If sep is a space then by whitespace. Sep must be exactly one char.

Question 199

spred(val, acc)

Answer 199

spread(val, acc) Fold multiple values to compute the difference between the max and min value (the range b/w min and max). Return null if no values.

Question 200

start(val)

Answer 200

start(val) Start value of a DateSpan, DateTimeSpan or a range.

Question 201

startsWith(val, sub)

Answer 201

startsWith(val, sub) Return if Str starts with the specified Str.

Question 202

sum(cal, acc)

Answer 202

sum(val, acc) Fold multiple values into their numeric sum. Return null if no values.

Question 203

swizzleRefs(grid)

Answer 203

swizzleRefs(grid) Given a grid of records, assign new ids and swizzle all internal ref tags. Each row of the grid must have an id tag. A new id is generated for each row, and any Ref tags which used one of the old ids is replaced with the new id. This function is handy for copying graphs of recs such as site/equip/point trees.

Question 204

table(val)

Answer 204

table(val) Set the grid visualization view to table.

Question 205

tags(filterExpr: null)

Answer 205

`tags(filterExpr: null)` Find all the tags in the current project which match the given filter. If the filter is omitted then return all the tags declared in the current project. Examples: ``` tags() // all tags tags(lib == "hvac") // match filter ```

Question 206

thisMonth()

Answer 206

thisMonth() DateSpan for this month as 1st..28-31

Question 207

thisWeek()

Answer 207

thisWeek() DateSpan for this week as sun..sat (uses locale start of week)

Question 208

thisYear()

Answer 208

thisYear() DateSpan for this year Jan-1..Dec-31

Question 209

time(val, minutes: null, secs: 0)

Answer 209

`time(val, minutes: null, secs: 0)` If val is a DateTime: get time portion of the timestamp. If val is a Number: construct a time instance from hour, minutes, secs (truncated to nearest second). Examples: ``` now().time // current time time(20, 45) // same as 20:45 ```

Question 210

times(times, f)

Answer 210

times(times, f) Call the specified function the given number of times passing the counter.

Question 211

to(val, unit)

Answer 211

`to(val, unit)` Convert a number to the given unit. If the units are not of the same dimension then an exception is raised. The target unit can be a string or a Number. If target unit is a Number, then the scalar value is ignored, but by convention should be 1.

Question 212

toAxonCode(val)

Answer 212

toAxonCode(val) Convert a scalar, list, or dict value to its Axon code representation

Question 213

tochar(num)

Answer 213

toChar(num) Convert a unicode char number into a single char string

Question 214

toDateSpan(r)

Answer 214

`toDateSpan(r)` Convert the following objects into a `DateSpan`: * `Date..Date`: starting and ending date * `Date..Number`: starting date and num of days (day unit required) * `Date`: one day range * `Number`: convert as year * `Func`: function which evaluates to date range * `DateTime..DateTime`: use starting/ending dates; if end is midnight, then use previous date * `Str`: evaluates to `DateSpan.fromStr` * null: use projMeta dateSpanDefault or default to today Examples: ``` toDateSpan(2010-07-01..2010-07-03) \>\> 01-Jul-2010..03-Jul-2010 toDateSpan(2010-07-01..4) \>\> 01-Jul-2010..04-Jul-2010 toDateSpan(2010-07-01..60day) \>\> 01-Jul-2010..29-Aug-2010 toDateSpan(2010-07) \>\> 01-Jul-2010..31-Jul-2010 toDateSpan(2010) \>\> 01-Jan-2010..31-Dec-2010 toDateSpan(pastWeek) // on 9 Aug \>\> 02-Aug-2010..09-Aug-2010 ```

Question 215

toDateTimeSpan(a, b: null)

Answer 215

`toDateTimeSpan(a, b: null)` Convert the following objects into a `DateTimeSpan`: * `DateSpan,tz`: anything accepted by `toDateSpan` plus a Timezone string * `DateTime..DateTime`: range of two DateTimes

Question 216

toGrid(val, opts: null)

Answer 216

`toGrid(val, opts: null)` Given an arbitrary object, translate it to a Grid via `Etc.toGrid`: * if grid just return it * if row in grid of size, return row.grid * if scalar return 1x1 grid * if dict return grid where dict is only * if list of dict return grid where each dict is row * if list of non-dicts, return one col grid with rows for each item Example: ``` // create simple grid with dis,age cols and 3 rows: [{dis:"Bob", age:30}, {dis:"Ann", age:40}, {dis:"Dan", age:50}].toGrid ```

Question 217

toHex(val)

Answer 217

toHex(val) Convert a number to a hexadecimal string

Question 218

toJavaMillis(dt)

Answer 218

toJavaMillis(dt) Given a DateTime return Number of milliseconds since Unix epoch of 1-Jan-1970 UTC Also see fromJavaMillis.

Question 219

toLocale(key)

Answer 219

toLocale(key) Get the localized string for the given tag name or qualified name. If the key is formatted as "pod::name" then route to Env.locale, otherwise to Etc.tagToLocale.

Question 220

toRec(val, checked: true)

Answer 220

`toRec(val, checked: true)` Given any of the following, return a Dict: * null always return null * Null Ref always returns null * Row or Dict * Ref will make a call to read database

Question 221

toRecId(val)

Answer 221

`toRecId(val)` Given any of the following, return a Ref: * Ref * Row or Dict, return `id` tag

Question 222

toRecIdList(val)

Answer 222

`toRecIdList(val)` Given any of the following, return a Ref[]: * Ref * Ref[] * Dict return `id` tag * Dict[] return `id` tags * Grid return `id` column

Question 223

toRecLIst(val)

Answer 223

`toRecList(val)` Given any of the following, return a Dict[] of records: * null return empty list * Ref or Ref[] (will make a call to read database) * Row or Row[] * Dict or Dict[] * Grid

Question 224

toStr(val)

Answer 224

toStr(val) Convert an obj to its string representation

Question 225

toTagName(n)

Answer 225

toTagName(n) Given arbitrary string, convert to a safe tag name - see Etc.toTagName

Question 226

toTimeZone(dt, tz)

Answer 226

`toTimeZone(dt, tz)` Convert a DateTime to another timezone: ``` now().toTimeZone("Chicago") now().toTimeZone("UTC") ```

Question 227

today()

Answer 227

today() Return today's Date according to context's time zone

Question 228

trap(val, name)

Answer 228

`trap(val, name)` If the given value is a dict, then get a value by name, or throw UnknownNameErr if name not mapped. If the value is a Ref, then perform a checked `readById`, then perform the name lookup. The trap function maybe be accessed using the `->` shortcut operator: ``` dict-\>foo \>\>\> dict.trap("foo") ```

Question 229

trim(val)

Answer 229

trim(val) Trim whitespace from the beginning and end of the string. For the purposes of this function, whitespace is defined as any character equal to or less than the 0x20 space character (including , \r, \n, and \t).

Question 230

trimEnd(val)

Answer 230

trimEnd(val) Trim whitespace only from the end of the string. See trim for definition of whitespace.

Question 231

trimStart(val)

Answer 231

trimStart(val) Trim whitespace only from the beginning of the string. See trim for definition of whitespace.

Question 232

tz(dt)

Answer 232

tz(dt) Get timezone as city name string in tzinfo database from datetime

Question 233

tzdb()

Answer 233

`tzdb()` Return the installed timezone database as Grid with following columns: * name: name of the timezone * fullName: qualified name used by Olson database

Question 234

unique(val, key: null)

Answer 234

`unique(val, key: null)` Return the unique items in a collection. If val is a List then return `List.unique`. If val is a Grid then return `Grid.unique` where key must be a column name or list of column names. Examples: ``` [1, 1, 2, 2].unique \>\> [1, 2] grid.unique("geoState") \>\> unique states grid.unique(["geoCity", geoState"]) \>\> city,state combos ```

Question 235

unit(val)

Answer 235

unit(val) Given a number return its unit string or null. If the val is null, then return null.

Question 236

unitdb()

Answer 236

`unitdb()` Return the installed unit database as Grid with following columns: * quantity: dimension of the unit * name: full name of the unit * symbol: the abbreviated Unicode name of the unit

Question 237

unitsEq(a, b)

Answer 237

unitsEq(a, b) Return if the two numbers have the same unit. If either of the numbers if null return false.

Question 238

upper(val)

Answer 238

upper(val) Convert a char number or str to upper case

Question 239

uriBasename(val)

Answer 239

uriBasename(val) Get the basename (last name in path without extension) of a Uri as a string.

Question 240

uriDecode(val, checked: true)

Answer 240

`uriDecode(val, checked: true)` Parse an ASCII percent encoded string into a Uri according to RFC 3986. All %HH escape sequences are translated into octects, and then the octect sequence is UTF-8 decoded into a Str. The `+` character in the query section is unescaped into a space. If checked if true then throw ParseErr if the string is a malformed URI or if not encoded correctly, otherwise return null. Use `parseUri` to parse from standard form. See `Uri` for a detailed discussion on standard and encoded forms. Examples: ``` "foo bar".parseUri \>\> `foo bar` "foo%20bar".uriDecode \>\> `foo bar` ```

Question 241

uriEncode(val)

Answer 241

`uriEncode(val)` Return the percent encoded string for this Uri according to RFC 3986. Each section of the Uri is UTF-8 encoded into octects and then percent encoded according to its valid character set. Spaces in the query section are encoded as `+`. Examples: ``` `foo bar`.uriEncode \>\> "foo%20bar" ```

Question 242

uriExt(val)

Answer 242

uriExt(val) Get the URI extension of a Uri as a string or null.

Question 243

uriHost(val)

Answer 243

uriHost(val) Get the host Uri as a string or null

Question 244

uriIsDir(val)

Answer 244

uriIsDir(val) Return if the URI path ends in a slash.

Question 245

uriName(val)

Answer 245

uriName(val) Get the name Str of a Uri (last item in path).

Question 246

uriPath(val)

Answer 246

uriPath(val) Get the path segments of a Uri as a list of Strs.

Question 247

uriPathStr(val)

Answer 247

uriPathStr(val) Get the path a Uri as a string.

Question 248

uriPort(val)

Answer 248

uriPort(val) Get the port of a Uri as a Number or null

Question 249

uriScheme(val)

Answer 249

uriScheme(val) Get the scheme of a Uri as a string or null

Question 250

vals(dict)

Answer 250

vals(dict) Get the list of values used by a given dict

Question 251

watchAdd(watchId, grid)

Answer 251

watchAdd(watchId, grid) Add a grid of recs to an existing watch. Return the grid passed in.

Question 252

watchClose(watchId)

Answer 252

watchClose(watchId) Close an open watch by id. If the watch does not exist or has expired then this is a no op. Also see Watch.close and Watches.

Question 253

watchOpen(grid, dis)

Answer 253

`watchOpen(grid, dis)` Open a new watch on a grid of records. The `dis` parameter is used for the watch's debug display string. Update and return the grid with a meta `watchId` tag. Also see `Proj.watchOpen`and [Watches](http://skyfoundry.com/doc/docSkySpark/Watches#axon). Example: ``` readAll(myPoints).watchOpen("MyApp|Points") ```

Question 254

watchPoll(watchId)

Answer 254

`watchPoll(watchId)` Poll an open watch and return all the records which have changed since the last poll. Note that this grid does not have display strings for Ref tags. Raise exception if watchId doesn't exist or has expired. Also see `Watch.poll` and [Watches](http://skyfoundry.com/doc/docSkySpark/Watches#axon).

Question 255

watchRemove(watchId, grid)

Answer 255

watchRemove(watchId, grid) Remove a grid of recs from an existing watch. Return the grid passed in.

Question 256

weekday(t)

Answer 256

weekday(t) Get weekday as integer from 0 to 6 of Date or DateTime, where 0 indicates Sunday and 6 indicates Saturday

Question 257

year(d)

Answer 257

year(d) Get year as integer such as 2010 from date or datetime

Question 258

yesterday()

Answer 258

yesterday() Return yesterday's Date according to context's time zone