What is Blood pressure measured in?
Millimetres of Mercury (mmHg)
What are the two measurements of blood pressure?
- Diastolic Pressure - The blood pressure between heart beats
- Systolic Pressure - Maximum pressure that the heart produces
What can be a consequence of low blood pressure?
It can lead to dizziness and fainting as blood supply to brain is reduced & there is poor circulation to areas
- Toes
- Fingers
What is the difference between Fitness & Health?
- Fitness - Being able to do physical activity
- Health - Being free from diseases caused by bacteria & viruses
What can general fitness be measured by:
- Cardiovascular effieciency
- Strength
- Stamina
- Speed
- Flexibilty
- Agility
How can smoking increase blood pressure?
- Carbon monoxide - causes blood to carry less oxygen, meaning heart race increases so tissues receive enough oxygen
- Nicotine - directly increases heart rate
How can carbon monoxide affect that oxygen capacity of blood?
It decreases it by combing with haemoglobin, this prevents it from combining with oxygen therefore less oxygen is carried
What is heart disease caused by?
Restricted blood flow to the heart muscle
How can the risk of heart disease be increased?
- High levels of saturated fats - leads to the build up of cholesterol (a plaque) in coronary arteries
- High levels of salt - increases the blood pressure
How can narrowing arteries due to plaques affect our heart?
- It causes a reduced flow to the heart muscles
- Plaques make blood clots or thrombosis more likely to happen, blocking the artery
What are
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Fats
Made of?
- Carbohydrates - made up of simple sugars called glucose
- Protein - made up of amino acids
- Fats - made up of fatty acids & glycerol
Where do the excess fat and carbohydrate get stored?
What about Protein can it be stored?
- Carbohydrate - stored in liver as glycogen or converted into fats
- Fats - stored under the skin/around organs as adipose tissue
- Protein can’t be stored in the body but it can be converted by the body into other amino acids
How do you work out somebody’s estimated average daily requirement (EAR)
EAR(g) = 0.6 x body mass (kg)
What happens when somebody has too little protein?where is it most likely to happen?
- It can cause a condition called Kwashiokor
- It is more common in developing countries due to overpopulation and the lack of money to improve agriculture
What is the difference between First Class Proteins & Second Class Proteins?
- First Class Proteins - Proteins from meat & fish, contains all essential amino acids that the body cannot produce
- Second Class Proteins - Plant proteins, do not contain all amino acids
How do you work out somebody’s body mass index (BMI)
BMI = Mass in kg
(Height in metres )2
