B1 Cell structure and function HT

Question 1

chloroplasts

Answer 1

found in green plant cells, contain chlorophyll and photosynthesis takes place here

Question 2

chlorophyll

Answer 2

Green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis

Question 3

vacuole

Answer 3

a space within the cytoplasm of a cell that contains fluid.

Question 4

organelle

Answer 4

A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell

Question 5

eukaryotic

Answer 5

Cell with a nucleus (surrounded by its own membrane) and other internal organelles. YOU have EUKaryotic cells

Question 6

plasmid

Answer 6

small, circular piece of DNA located in the cytoplasm of many bacteria

Question 7

Prokaryotic

Answer 7

cells that do not have a nucleus, like bacteria

Question 8

bacteria

Answer 8

single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus; prokaryotes

Question 9

stomata

Answer 9

Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move

Question 10

glucose

Answer 10

A simple sugar that is an important source of energy.

Question 11

isotonic

Answer 11

when the concentration of two solutions is the same

Question 12

hypotonic

Answer 12

when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes

Question 13

hypertonic

Answer 13

when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes

Question 14

plasmolysis

Answer 14

This happens when a cell shrinks inside its cell wall while the cell wall remains intact.

Question 15

alveoli

Answer 15

tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood

Question 16

Turgid

Answer 16

when a plant cell becomes swollen due water diffusing in by osmosis. The cell becomes hard and rigid as the vacuole pushes against the cell wall keeping the plant upright

Question 17

Flaccid

Answer 17

when the plant cell becomes soft as there is no pressure on the cell wall due to too little water.

Question 18

Plasmolysis

Answer 18

This happens when a cell shrinks inside its cell wall while the cell wall remains intact.

Question 19

active transport

Answer 19

the movement of substances from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution against a concentration gradient, requiring energy from respiration

Question 20

cell membrane

Answer 20

the membrane around the contents of a cell that controls what moves in and out of the cell

Question 21

cell wall

Answer 21

the rigid structure around plant and algal cells. It is made of cellulose and strengthens the cel

Question 22

cellulose

Answer 22

the complex carbohydrate that makes up plant and algal cell walls and gives them strength

Question 23

cytoplasm

Answer 23

the water-based gel in which the organelles of all living cells are suspended and most of the chemical reactions of life take place

Question 24

diffusion

Answer 24

the spreading out of the particles of any substance in a solution, or particles in a gas, resulting in a net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration down a concentration gradient

Question 25

mitochondria

Answer 25

the site of aerobic cellular respiration in a cell

Question 26

nucleus

Answer 26

organelle found in many living cells containing the genetic information surrounded by the nuclear membrane

Question 27

osmosis

Answer 27

the diffusion of water through a partially permeable membrane from a dilute solution (which has a high concentration of water) to a concentrated solution (with a low concentration of water|) down a concentration gradient

Question 28

partially permeable membrane

Answer 28

a membrane that allows only certain substances to pass through

Question 29

phloem

Answer 29

the living transport tissue in plants that carries dissolved food (sugars) around the plant

Question 30

ribosomes

Answer 30

the site of protein synthesis in a cell

Question 31

xylem

Answer 31

the non-living transport tissue in plants that transports water from the roots to the leaves and shoots