B11 Hormonal Coordination

Question 1

11.8 What is IVF treatment

Answer 1

It stands for In vitro fertilisation and it is a form of fertility treat,ent used if obiducts have been damaged or blocked by infection.

Question 2

11.8 What are reasons for couples not having a family?

Answer 2

• Problems with the male and female reproductive systems.
• Obesity
• Eating disorders
• Age (menopause)

Question 3

11.8 What happens when there is a lack of ovulation

Answer 3

• Some women do not make enough FSH to stimulate he maturation of eggs in the Ovaries.
• Artificial FSH can be given as a fertility drug, which also stimulates oestrogen production.
• Artificial LH can also be given to trigger ovulation.
• Women who suffer from a lack of FSH can be treated in this way.

Question 4

11.8 When are fertility drugs used in IVF?

Answer 4

• The fallopian tubes are damaged.
• If a donor is required
• If there is no obvious case for infertility
• If the man produces little sperm.

Question 5

11.8 Steps of IVF treatment

Answer 5

1. Fertility drugs are used to make lots of eggs mature at the same time for collection.
2. The eggs are collected and placed in a special solution in a Petri dish.
3. A sample os semen is collected and the sperm and eggs are mixed in the Petri dish.
4. The eggs are checked to make sure they have been fertilised and the early embryos are developing properly.
5. When the fertilised eggs have formed tiny balls of cells, 1 or 2 of the tiny embryos are placed in the womb of the mother. Then, if all goes well, at least one baby will grow and develop successfully.

Question 6

Advantages of Fertility treatment

Answer 6

Gives women and men if infertile have a chance to have a baby of their own.
By using donor eggs from younger women or donor sperm increases the success rate.
Mature eggs can be stored until the couple would like to have a couple.

Question 7

Disadvantages of Fertility treatment

Answer 7

• It is expensive
• Not always successful
• The child is not biologically your child
• Frtility drugs have health risks for the mother
• IVF is emotionally and physically stressful

Question 8

What does the brain do in the Endocrine system

Answer 8

It contains a sensitive centre called the hypothalamus, which controls the pituitary gland.

Question 9

What does the adrenal gland do?

Answer 9

It produces adrenaline which prepares the body for rapid activity by increasing the heart rate and level of sugar in blood and diverting blood to muscles and brain.

Question 10

What does the ovary do in the Endocrine System

Answer 10

Produces oestrogen which cause changes at puberty and helps the menstrual cycle.

Question 11

What does the testes do in the endocrine system

Answer 11

Produces testosterone which causes the changes at puberty amd stimulates sperm production

Question 12

What does the pancreas do in the endocrine system?

Answer 12

Produces insulin which controls blood sugar levels.

Question 13

What does the thyroid gland do in the endocrine system?

Answer 13

It produces thyroxine, which controls the rate of metabolism

Question 14

What happens in a negative feedback loop generally?

Answer 14

• Many hormones are controlled in your body by a Negative Feedback loop.
• This helps to maintain a steady state in the body.
• If a factor increases in the body, a change takes place.
• Negative feedback response opposes a change.

Question 15

What happens after you eat a meal? (This revolves around insulin and glycogen)

Answer 15

• When you eat a meal, your blood sugar rises.
• Your pancreas secretes insulin
• Insulin allows glucose to move from your blood, into your cells.
• Glucose can be converted into glycogen.
• Glycogen is then stored into the liver and muscles.
• If glycogen stores are full, glucose is converted into lipids and stored.

Question 16

What is thyroxine.

Answer 16

It stimulates the basal metabolic rate and plays an important role in growth and development.

Question 17

What happens when thyroxine levels rise

Answer 17

TSH levels fall, thyroxine levels return to normal

Question 18

What happens when thyroxine levels fall?

Answer 18

TSH levels rise, so thryroxine levels return to normal.

Question 19

What is the Menstrual Cycle?

Answer 19

It happens every month when an egg is released by an ovary (obulation). The uterus wall thickens, in anticipation of a fertilised egg. If the egg is not fertilised, the uterus lining nd the egg are shed. This is called menstruation.

Question 20

What happens day 1-7 in the Menstrual Cycle?

Answer 20

• The menstruation cycle starts with the first day of a woman’s period.
• This is the name given to the time of the month when the lining of the uterus comes away and exits through the vagina as blood.

Question 21

What happens day 7-13 of the Menstrual Cycle

Answer 21

• Around day 7 the blood flow stops.
• The lining of the uterus begins to build up again.
• At this time, FSH causes an egg to start to mature in one of the ovaries.

Question 22

What happens day 14-17 of the Menstrual Cycle

Answer 22

• The egg can last up to 3 days after it is released from the ovary.
• During this time the egg travels down the oviduct and into the uterus hoping to be fertilised.

Question 23

What happens on day 18-28 of the Menstrual Cycle?

Answer 23

If the egg is not fertilised then oestrogen and progesterone drop and the linig of he uterus begins to break down.