B1.4 Interdependence

Question 1

What resources do animals commonly compete for?

Answer 1

Food
Water
Space

Question 2

What resources to plants commonly compete for?

Answer 2

Water
Space
Mineral Salts

Question 3

Why don’t plants compete for food?

Answer 3

They get there own nutrients through photosynthesis

Question 4

Why is it beneficial for plants in the arctic to grow close to the ground and have small leaves?

Answer 4

This helps to avoid damage by the wind and conserve energy and water

Question 5

How are polar bears adapted to surviving in cold climates?

Answer 5

• White appearance to act as camouflage
• Thick layers of fat and fur to conserve body heat and insulate against the cold
• A small surface area to volume ratio to conserve heat loss
• Large furry feet to maximise grit on snow and evenly distribute weight
• Greasy coat that sheds after swimming (waterproof)

Question 6

How are camels adapted to surviving in hot climates?

Answer 6

• Large, flat feet to distribute weight on sand
• Thick fur to shade skin on top, thin fur to maximise heat loss from sides
• Large surface area to volume ratio to MAXIMISE heat loss
• Lose little water through urination and persperation and so can go long times without water
• Tolerate body temps up to 42 degrees
• Small nostrils and eyelashes to keep out dirt and sand

Question 7

How are cacti adapted for life in hot climates?

Answer 7

-Stem that can collect and store vast amounts of water
- Spikey exterior to ward off prey
- Wide and vast roots to collect water from a large area
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Question 8

What are extremophiles

Answer 8

Animals that can survive in extreme environments such as extreme
temperature
salt concentration in water
pressure

Question 9

Why might bees and wasps have black and yellow stripes?

Answer 9

To warn others that they are dangerous

Question 10

What are the effects of environmental change on plants and animals?

Answer 10

• Reduction in food and water

- Change in rainfall and temp

Question 11

How can environmental changes affect habitats?

Answer 11

The distribution of species may change

Evolution of new species

Question 12

What happens if the population of prey increases?

Answer 12

The amount of predators will increase as well
The prey will deteriorate so much eventually the predator population will decrease as well
Numbers will return back to a sustainable amount

Question 13

How can lichens indicate air pollution?

Answer 13

Lichens grow in exposed areas such as tree bark and are very good at absorbing water (rainwater is efficient for growth)
Air pollutants dissolved in the water stop the lichen from being able to grow properly and so it indicated when air pollution is hazardous

Question 14

What does a bushy lichen show?

Answer 14

The air is really clean

Question 15

How would you know the air is polluted through the use of lichens?

Answer 15

A crusty lichen means the air is polluted

If there are no lichens at all, the air is really polluted

Question 16

What does a leafy lichen mean?

Answer 16

A small, manageable amount of air pollution

Question 17

What indicator species’ can be used to identify the pollution in a river?

Answer 17

Mayfly lava = clean water
Fresh water shrimp = low levels of pollution
Water louse = hifh levels of pollution
Sludgeworm/Rat-tailed maggot = very high levels of pollution

Question 18

How can environmental changes be measured using technology?

Answer 18

Oxygen levels in water = oxygen probe
Rainfall = Rain gauge measured daily
Max + min temp = U shaped thermometer

Question 19

What is an advantage of using a temp probe and data logger rather than a thermometer?

Answer 19

It records the temperature automatically