B2 - Cell Division

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

Where the genetic material is found in cells

Question 2

Chromosomes

Answer 2

• structure made of DNA molecules (polymer)
• containing many genes

Question 3

Genes

Answer 3

A section of DNA that code for a protien. It can determine characteristics

Question 4

DNA

Answer 4

The chemical that chromosomes are made of

Question 5

Cell cycle

Answer 5

The three stage process of cell division that results in the formation of two identical daughter cells

Question 6

What is cell division needed for

Answer 6

• Growth
• Repair
• Asexual Reproduction
• Replacement of cells
• development of multicellular organisms

Question 7

Stage 1 of cell cycle

Answer 7

-The cell grows
- Number of sub cellular structures increases (mitochondria and ribosomes)
- DNA duplicates ~ two copies of each chromosome

Question 8

Stage 2

Answer 8

Called Mitosis
- The chromosomes become thicker
- They line up in the middle of the cell
- One set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell
- nuclei divides

Question 9

Stage 3

Answer 9

Called Cytokinesis
- The cytoplasm and cell membrane divides
- Two new genetically identical daughter cells are formed

Question 10

Differentiate

Answer 10

The process where cell become specialised for a particular function

Question 11

Stem cells

Answer 11

Undifferentiated cell that can produce specialised cells or more stem cells

Question 12

Embryonic Stem Cells

Answer 12

• early embryo
• can be cloned
• can differentiate in to all human cells cells

Question 13

Adult Stem Cells

Answer 13

• can differentiate into limited number cells ~ including blood cells
• found in bone marrow

Question 14

Meristem cells

Answer 14

Plant cells that can differentiate into all cells throughout the plants life

Question 15

Cloning

Answer 15

The production of identical off spring through a sexual reproduction

Question 16

Therapeutic cloning

Answer 16

• same genes as patient
• not rejected by patient

Question 17

Animal Differentiation

Answer 17

Early stage

Question 18

Plant Differentiation

Answer 18

Throught life

Question 19

Ad and Dis of Embryonic Stem cells

Answer 19

Advantages
- Differentiate into all cells
- treat many diseases
- can be made in labs

Disadvantage
- Embryo harmed
- may not work
- consent cannot be asked
- religion

Question 20

Dis and Ad of Adult stem cells

Answer 20

Advantages
- consent can be given
- safe
- tried procedure

Disadvantages
- Cannot differentiate into all cells
- treat less diseases
- infection
- removal can be painful

Question 21

Risks of both adult and embryonic

Answer 21

Viral infection and can be cancerous

Question 22

how many chromosomes are there in a body

Answer 22

• 46
  -23 pairs

Question 23

which conditions can stem cells help?

Answer 23

• paralysis
• diabetes 1

Question 24

therapeutic cloning con

Answer 24

• Transferal of viral infection
• ethics or religious objections

Question 25

what can meristem be used for

Answer 25

- produce clones quickly and economically - protect rare species from extinction - Clone plants with special features such as disease resistance