B2.1 Cell Structure

Question 1

List features only present in plants

Answer 1

• Cell wall
• Large vacuole
• Chloroplasts

Question 2

List the features in an animal cell

Answer 2

• Cell membrane
• Cytoplasm
• Nucleus
• Mitochondria

Question 3

List the features in a plant cell

Answer 3

• Mitochondria
• Chloroplasts
• Cell wall
• Cell membrane
• Cytoplasm
• Nucleus
• Large vacuole

Question 4

Functions of a cytoplasm

Answer 4

• a jelly-like substance where chemical reactions take place

Question 5

Functions of a nucleus

Answer 5

• Contains genetic material in the chromosomes
• Controls how a cell grows and works
• Controls cell division

Question 6

Functions of a vacuole

Answer 6

• Used for storage of some materials
• Supports the shape of the cell
• If there is not enough cell sap in the vacuole, plant may be wilt

Question 7

Functions of a chloroplast

Answer 7

• Contains green pigment-chlorophyll-which absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis

Question 8

Functions of a cell membrane

Answer 8

• Holds the cell together

- Controls substances entering and leaving the cell

Question 9

Functions of a cell wall

Answer 9

• Made of cellulose, which gives the cell extra support

- Defines its shape

Question 10

Function of a sperm cell

Answer 10

Travels to the egg cell for fertilisation and carries genetic information for the egg cell

Question 11

Function of a palisade mesophyll cell

Answer 11

Photosynthesis

Question 12

Function of a red blood cell

Answer 12

Transports oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body

Question 13

Function of a ciliated cell

Answer 13

Performs the movement of mucus in the trachea and bronchi

Question 14

Function of a root hair cell

Answer 14

Absorbs water and uptakes minerals

Question 15

How is a root hair cell adapted to its function?

Answer 15

• elongated shape of the cells increases the surface area available for absorption of water and minerals
• Long projections –> increase the surface area that the plant can use to absorb water and minerals

Question 16

Where are palisade mesophyll cells found?

Answer 16

In the upper part of the leaf

Question 17

Describe the structure of a palisade mesophyll cell

Answer 17

• Cells are tall

- Cells are tightly packed together near the surface of the leaves so that they can absorb as much sunlight as possible

Question 18

What makes red blood cells red?

Answer 18

Haemoglobin

Question 19

How are red blood cells adapted to its function?

Answer 19

• No nucleus –> more space for haemoglobin –> maximise the amount of oxygen that they can carry
• Small size –> to pass through tiny capillaries
• Biconcave shape –> large surface area –> so it is flexible for it to pass through small capillaries

Question 20

Why don’t root hair cells have chloroplasts?

Answer 20

It is underground so it has no contact with the sun

Question 21

How are sperm cells adapted to its function?

Answer 21

• small
• little cytoplasm since it carries out few functions
• Mid piece contains mitochondria –> provides energy to move the tail (flagellum) –> powers the sperm cell to move towards the egg cell

Question 22

Function of a mitochondria

Answer 22

• Produces energy

- an organelle where aerobic respiration takes place

Question 23

Function of ribosomes

Answer 23

makes protein and can be found floating within the cytoplasm inside the RER

Question 24

What does chlorophyll do?

Answer 24

it is a pigment that traps light energy and converts it to chemical energy. This energy is used inside the chloroplast to carry out photosynthesis

Question 25

what is the function of a rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 25

they produce protein for the rest of the cell to function