B2e-adaptations

Question 1

how are some animals adapted to be successful predators?

Answer 1

binocular vision- judge distance and size
hunting strategy
breeding strategy

Question 2

how are some animals adapted to be successful prey?

Answer 2

monocular vision- wide field of view
living in groups-reduce chance of being caught
cryptic and warning colouration
mimicry
breeding strategy- synchronous breeding

Question 3

what is synchronous breeding?

Answer 3

when prey produce when the population of predators is likely to be low

Question 4

what are some adaptations to cold environments that help organisms survive?

Answer 4

• anatomical methods of reducing heat loss: insulation and small surface area
• behavioural adaptations: migration and hibernation

Question 5

what are some adaptations to hot environments that help organisms survive?

Answer 5

• behavioural and anatomical methods of increasing heat loss

- behavioural methods of reducing heat gain

Question 6

what are some adaptations to dry environments that help organisms survive?

Answer 6

-behavioural, anatomical and physiological methods for coping with lack of water

Question 7

what are some anatomical adaptations that reduce heat loss?

Answer 7

-thick coat of blubber to insulate body and trap heat
-small surface area to volume ratio
reduces heat loss, less body heat can be lost
-counter current exchange systems

Question 8

what are some behavioural adaptations to the cold?

Answer 8

• migrate to warmer climates
• hibernation: saves energy since they don’t have to find food or keep itself warm
• huddle together

Question 9

what is a counter-current heat exchange system?

Answer 9

• vessels that pass close to eachother allow heat to transfer between them
• warm blood flowing in arteries to feet heats cold blood returning to heart in the veins

Question 10

what are some behavioural adaptations to hot environments?

Answer 10

• spend day in shade: minimises heat gained from surroundings
• active at night
• bathing in water: water evaporating transfers heat from skin to surroundings

Question 11

what are some anatomical adaptations to hot environments?

Answer 11

• large surface area to volume ratio: lose more body heat to surroundings
• large thin ears: allow more blood flow near surface of skin, heat from blood radiated to surroundings
• store fat in one part of the body: stops all of body being too insulated

Question 12

what are some behavioural adaptations to dry environments?

Answer 12

-spend time underground burrows: air contains more moisture

Question 13

what are some anatomical adaptations to dry environments?

Answer 13

• small surface area to volume ratio
• specialised kidneys: concentrated urine low water content
• store water in stems

Question 14

what are extremophiles?

Answer 14

organisms that are adapted to live in seriously extreme conditions

Question 15

what are antifreeze proteins?

Answer 15

proteins that interfere with the formation and growth off ice crystals in cells
stops cells being damaged by ice

Question 16

what are adaptations?

Answer 16

features that organisms have that make them better suited to their environment

Question 17

what are specialists?

Answer 17

organisms highly adapted to survive in a specific habitat

Question 18

what are generalists?

Answer 18

organisms that are adapted to survive in a range of different habitats

Question 19

what are organisms that are adapted to their environment more likely to do?

Answer 19

survive
reproduce
pass on adaptations to offspring
better able to compete for resources